Jewish community of Königheim

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Plans of the former synagogue in Königheim (exterior view)
Königheim synagogue (before 1938), photo at the Baden-Württemberg State Archives

The Jewish community in Königheim existed from the Middle Ages until 1940.

history

The Jewish community in Königheim existed from the Middle Ages . In 1298, the Königheim Jews were murdered in a persecution of Jews. From 1422 there were Jews in town again. In 1496 four Jewish people were named in Königheim, in 1647 several Jews were named in Königheim again.

Jewish cemetery in Königheim (2018)

The Jewish community of Königheim owned the Königheim synagogue , a Jewish school, a ritual bath and the Königheim Jewish cemetery . Four Koenigheim Jews who were buried there died during the First World War. The last burial in the Jewish cemetery in Königheim took place in 1935. A separate religion teacher was employed, who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet in the Jewish community of Königheim. Since 1827 the community belonged to the district rabbinate Wertheim .

From around 1675 to 1726 the Jews from Königheim visited the synagogue of the neighboring Jewish community of Gissigheim . After the closure of the neighboring Gissigheim synagogue and the dissolution of the Jewish community in 1894, the remaining Jewish residents visited the Königheim synagogue.

The number of Jewish residents of Königheim developed as follows in the 19th and 20th centuries: 1825 (67 Jewish residents), 1833 (69), 1838 (84), 1841 (105), 1864 (104), 1871 (112), 1875 (121), 1880 (109), 1885 (102), 1890 (94), 1895 (80), 1900 (81), 1905 (77), 1910 (71), 1933 (37), 1939 (13 more) In 1940 they were forcibly quartered in the house of Moses Sommer (Kapellengasse 1). On October 22, 1940, the last Jewish residents from Königheim were deported to the Gurs concentration camp .

From 1933 onwards, several Jewish residents left the town or emigrated, as they suffered from increased reprisals, increasing disenfranchisement and an economic boycott of their businesses during National Socialism. Known former Jewish shops in Königheim until after 1933 were: Viehhandlung Hermann and Leo Bauer (Spitzsteiggasse 2), fabric trade and general goods Meta and Jakob Bauer (Hartmannsgasse 1), grain and regional products dealer Semmy Block (Hauptstraße 6), haberdashery and woolen goods Babette Groß ( Langgasse 3, broken off), fabric shop, clothing and green spelled purchase Josef Groß (Hauptstraße 25), glass and porcelain goods Hermann Heinemann (Neugasse 2, partly broken off), cattle dealer Benno Sommer (Faktoreigasse 3), cattle dealer Bernhard Sommer (Plangasse 1, broken off), Butcher and cattle dealer Bernhard and Philipp Sommer (Hauptstraße 39), cattle dealer Moses Sommer (Kapellengasse 1, demolished, archway and farm building preserved), earthenware and pottery shop Nanette Sommer (Neugasse 3), textile and shoe shop Sigmund Stern (Hardheimer Straße 8).

While some of the Jewish citizens of Königheim were able to leave Germany in the early days of the Nazi dictatorship, the others died in the concentration camps to which they were subsequently brought. Of the Jewish people who were born in Königheim or who lived in the town for a long time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era : Julius Bauer (1870), Gerda Blein b. Gross (1914), Amalie Goldschmidt b. Marx (1865), Emil Groß (1885), Regine Hirschberger b. Stern (1886), Sigmund Marx (1868), Johanna Rosenfelder geb. Bauer (1876), Sara Rosenfelder (1876), Lina Schulmann b. Fredrich (1880), Babette Selig (1868), Albert Sommer (1920), Bernhard Sommer (1887), Hugo Sommer (1920), Moses Sommer (1886), Regina Sommer (1895), Leo Stern (1907), Julie Tannenbaum ( 1907), Erna Weil b. Stern (1890) and Ida Würzburger born. Summer (1889).

See also

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: Großbock - Ochtendung. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08078-9 ( online version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Alemannia Judaica: Königheim (Main-Tauber-Kreis) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  2. ↑ Alemannia Judaica: Gissigheim (City of Königheim, Main-Tauber-Kreis) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  3. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  4. ↑ Information from "Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945".