Creglingen Jewish community

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The Jewish community in Creglingen already existed in the Middle Ages and in modern times from the beginning of the 17th century to 1938.

history

The Jewish community of Creglingen already existed in the Middle Ages, as the persecution of Jews in the village was mentioned in 1298. The emergence of the modern community goes back to the 16./17. Century back. Until the time of National Socialism , there was a large Jewish community in Creglingen, whose members were buried in the Creglingen Jewish cemetery . The District Rabbinate Weikersheim was responsible for the Creglingen Jews from 1832 to 1914 and, after its dissolution, the District Rabbinate Mergentheim from 1914 to 1939 . In addition to the Jewish cemetery, the Creglingen Jewish community maintained a synagogue, a Jewish school and a ritual bath .

On March 25, 1933, 16 Jewish fellow citizens of Creglingen, including incumbent or former councilors, were severely mistreated and humiliated. Two men, Hermann Stern and Arnold Rosenfeld , died as a result of the abuse. As far as we know today, this Creglingen pogrom under the leadership of Fritz Klein is the first systematic excess of violence in the Reich against Jews resulting in death after Hitler came to power. A memorial plaque on the building commemorates the community's synagogue , which was located in the building at 28 Neuen Strasse from 1800 and was desecrated during the Creglingen pogrom . A kind of historians' dispute arose over the interpretation and classification of the events of 1933 .

Of the Jewish people who were born in Creglingen or who lived in Creglingen for a longer period of time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era :

  • Ida Allersheimer (1884)
  • Bernhard Baar (1880)
  • Frieda Baar born Allersheimer (1882)
  • Jakob Blumenfeld (1873)
  • Rudolf Blumenfeld (1880)
  • Fanny Cohn born Lissberger (1904)
  • Zilli Elkan b. Fox (1877)
  • Jakob Fuchs (1868)
  • Karoline Grünewald b. Gutmann (1857)
  • Minna Günther b. Gutmann (1859)
  • Jakob Abraham Gutmann (1851)
  • Max Gutmann (1884)
  • Fanny (Ferdel, Fradel) Hahn born. Gutmann (1867)
  • Tekla Heinemann b. Star (1891)
  • David Kahn (1870)
  • Rosa Kapp born Obenheimer (1871)
  • Rosa Lehmann born Ehrenberg (1889)
  • Bernhard Lissberger (1907)
  • Emil Lissberger (1873)
  • Emma Lissberger (1877)
  • Sigmund Lissberger (1875)
  • Emil Obenheimer (1897)
  • Adolf Oberndörfer (1864)
  • Benjamin Oberndörfer (1879)
  • Gertrud Oberndörfer (1901)
  • Helene Oberndörfer b. Oberndörfer (1866)
  • Sally Oberndörfer (1901), Sigmund Oberndörfer (1904)
  • Aron Rosenfeld (1880), Rosa Sinsheimer (1877)
  • Cäcilie (Cilly) Stern geb. Blumenfeld (1866)
  • Hermann Stern (1866), Meta Thalheimer b. Oppenheimer (1872)
  • Abraham Wolf (1879, was deported from Cologne to Lódz)
  • Hermann Wolf (1878)
  • Justin Wolf (1917)
  • Lazarus Wolf (1877)
  • Ludwig Wolf (1920)
  • Marianne Wolf b. Heidelberger (1883).

In addition to the memorial plaque, there has been a Jewish museum since November 2000 to commemorate the city's Jewish history.

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Naser (Hrsg.): Life paths Creglinger Jews. The pogrom of 1933. The difficult handling of the past. Eppe Verlag, Bergatreute 1999, ISBN 3-89089-057-1 .
  • Hartwig Behr, Horst F. Rupp: From life and death. Jews in Creglingen. 2nd Edition. Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-8260-2226-2 .
  • Horst F. Rupp: Controversial: Jewish museums in Germany. Controversies and Concepts - The Creglingen Example. In: THEN. The magazine for history and culture. Volume 34, Issue 4, 2002, p. 43.
  • Horst F. Rupp, Hartwig Behr: An illusion bursts. The Creglinger Murders of Jews. In: THEN. The magazine for history and culture. Volume 34, Issue 5, 2002, pp. 59-62.
  • Horst F. Rupp: Dispute about the Jewish Museum. Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2004, ISBN 3-8260-2966-6 .
  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Alemannia Judaica: Creglingen (Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / prayer room / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  2. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation . Volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 31.
  3. ↑ News from a much blasphemed time. How the small town of Creglingen in Baden-Württemberg got caught up in a historians' dispute. Review by Ulrich Rüdenauer (October 2000) on literaturkritik.de
  4. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  5. ↑ Information from the memorial book - Victims of the persecution of the Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945.