Jewish community of Wenkheim

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The Jewish community in Wenkheim existed from the 16th century until 1940.

history

The Jewish community of Wenkheim was founded in the 16th century. The place is known for its Jewish history; Jews are mentioned for the first time in 1576 and 1591. In addition to the former synagogue in Wenkheim , the Jewish community of Wenkheim owned a Jewish school , a ritual bath and the Wenkheim Jewish cemetery . The congregation had employed its own teacher to take care of religious tasks, who also acted as prayer and shochet . From 1827 the Jewish community of Wenkheim belonged to the district rabbinate Wertheim . From 1911 the Jewish community of Hochhausen was listed as a branch (branch community) of the Jewish community of Wenkheim.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the number of Jewish residents in Wenkheim developed as follows:

year total % of Wenkheim residents
1825 105 14.0% of a total of 752
1875 160 17.2% of 930
1880 181 20% of the local population
1900 92 11.7% of 786
1925 80 8% of about 1,000
1933 46 unknown
1938/40 0 Dissolution of the jew. local community
Synagogue in Wenkheim (2013)

In 1933, the Jewish families, who lived mainly from trading in cattle, local products and the necessities of the rural household, still ran the following shops in Wenkheim: three textile goods stores, a colonial and hardware store, a matzo bakery and two cattle shops . Former Jewish shops in Wenkheim known before the Nazi era were: Viehhandlung Bernhard Grünebaum (Lindenstrasse 24), Viehhandlung and butcher Louis Grünebaum (Pfarrgasse 4), Viehhandlung Samuel Grünebaum, Levi's son (Herrenstrasse 6), Cattle dealer / agriculture Samuel Grünebaum III (Herrenstrasse 7), junk shop Samuel Grünebaum IV (Frankenstraße 14), cattle shop and butcher's shop Simon Grünebaum (Obertorstraße 21), textile shop Abraham Hubert (Frankenstraße 10), trader Lippmann Karpf (Obertorstraße 11), Mazzenbäckerei Sigmund Lehmann (Lindenstraße 33), textile shop Hermann Schartenberg ( Breite Strasse 5 and Lindenstrasse 31, both broken off) and businessman Jakob Schuster (Hindenburgstrasse 1).

Most of the Jewish businesses could continue to operate until 1937/38, when they had to be given up. The synagogue was demolished during the November pogrom in 1938 . By 1940 more than half of the Jewish population had emigrated (22 to the USA , 8 to Palestine ). On 22 October 1940, the last 11 Jewish residents were Wenkheims while the Wagner-Bürckel action in the Camp de Gurs deported .

Of the Jewish people who were born in Wenkheim or who lived in the town for a long time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era : Hilde Abeles b. Heymann (1895), Regine Bergenthal b. Lehmann (1869), Käthe Bravmann b. Lissberger (1892), Wolf Bravmann (1890), Zerline Brückheimer (1889), Helene Grünebaum née. Samuel (1881), Ida Grünebaum (1895), Jakob Grünebaum (1870), Käthe Grünebaum, Renate Grünebaum (1912), Samuel Grünebaum I (1872), Samuel Grünebaum II (1882), Sigmund Grünebaum (1872), Simon Grünebaum (1881 ), Jeanette Halle b. Lehmann (1861), Bela (Bertha) Heinemann b. Grünebaum (1866), Margot Hes (1924), Karoline (Lina) Heymann (1885), Martha Hirschhorn b. Kapf (1905), Lippmann Karpf (1873), Rosa Karpf born. Richter (1877), Jenni Kissinger b. Schuster (1908), Eva Krebs b. Grünebaum (1868), Therese Lehmann (1874), Therese Löser born. Lehmann (1878), Babette Mai (1868), Ida Oppenheimer b. Karpf (1900), Regine Rosenthal b. Lehmann (1876), Rosa Rosenthal b. Grünebaum (1891), Flora Slivja b. Karpf (1902), Fanny Sommer b. Karpf (1875), Frieda Seemann b. Friedmann (1877), Itta Steinhard b. Lehmann (1882), Luise Sündermann b. Lehmann (1876) and Regine Wolfsheimer born. Lehmann (1874).

See also

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online version ).

Web links

Commons : Wenkheim Jewish Community  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Alemannia Judaica: Wenkheim (municipality of Werbach, Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  2. ^ Alemannia Judaica: Hochhausen (city of Tauberbischofsheim, Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  3. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  4. ↑ Information from the memorial book - Victims of the persecution of the Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945.