Jewish community Niederstetten

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The Jewish community in Niederstetten in the Main-Tauber district in Baden-Württemberg was founded in the Middle Ages and existed up to the time of National Socialism .

history

Jews lived in Niederstetten as early as the Middle Ages . They were affected by the rint meat pogrom in 1298. The formation of the modern Jewish community goes back to the 17th century. For the first time, 1647 Jews are named locally. In 1748 there were 15 Jewish households. The highest number of Jewish residents was reached around 1844 with 217 people. After that it declined due to emigration and emigration (163 in 1900, 116 in 1910). The Jewish community had belonged to the Mergentheim district rabbinate since 1832 . The Jewish trading and industrial enterprises were already of great economic importance for the city in the 19th century. Until around 1933, numerous businesses belonged to Jewish families, including fur shops, wine and local products shops, textile shops, butchers and cattle shops. There was also a grinding shop for industrial diamonds.

The Niederstetten Jewish Cemetery in autumn 2018

The Niederstetten Jewish community owned the Niederstetten synagogue , an Israelite elementary school (denominational school), a ritual bath and the Niederstetten Jewish cemetery . A separate religion teacher was employed, who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet .

On March 25, 1933, SA members dragged the Jewish men from the area to the town hall and brutally beat them up in front of the local police. Hermann Umfrid , Protestant pastor, protested publicly. When the Nazis began to persecute him, his church did not come to his aid.

As a result of the persecution and murder of Jews during the Nazi era , 44 of the 102 Jewish people living in Niederstetten in 1933 died in concentration camps, 45 community members emigrated and 12 died of natural causes in Germany. A woman returned to Niederstetten from deportation. The synagogue was destroyed in the American bombing in April 1945.

Of the Jewish people who were born in Niederstetten or who lived in Niederstetten for a long time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era : Frieda Adler b. Selz (1905), Rosa Benjamin b. Thalheimer (1872), Jette Braun b. Selling (1874), Julius Braun (1897), Max Braun (1865), Nelly Braun geb. Löwenthal (1883), Samuel Braun (1886), Wolf Braun (1874), Recha Gold geb. Stern (1865), Hanna Goldstein (1872), Rosa Haas b. Reis (1869), Klara ruler b. Straus (1877), Gella Heß b. Reis (1866), Betty Hirsch b. Reis (1864), Max Hänlein (1864), Albert Kahn (1882), Charlotte Kahn b. Strauss (1887), Johanna Kahn b. Hänlein (1905), Klara Kahn (1903), Max Kahn (1895), Cilli Kirchheimer b. Rosenthal (1888), Jenny Kirchheimer b. Löwenthal (1884), Josef Kirchheimer (1931), Max Kirchheimer (1884), Ruth Kirchheimer (1918), Simon Kirchheimer (1882), Mina Laub born. Braun (1864), Berta Lazarus b. Reis (1872), Regina Lemle b. Ney (1884), Else Levi b. Seligmann (1881), Michael (Mihai) Levi (1878), Mathilde Luchs b. Ney (1879), Julius Löwenstein (1891), Mathilde Löwenstein (1893), Sophie Mainzer b. Kahn (1889), Fanny Mayer b. Reis (1889), Benno Neu (1899), Jakob Neu (1885), Jenny Oettinger geb. Reis (1892), Emma Ottenheimer b. Straus (1871), Frieda Ottenheimer b. Wiesenbacher (1888), Emil Reis (1930), Frieda Reis (1894), Henriette Reis (1900), Julius Reis (1936), Mina Reis b. Feuchtwanger (1903), Walter Reis (1932), Ida Rosenfeld b. Ney (1890), Gerson Rosenthal (1879), Jakob Rosenthal (1889), Moses Rosenthal (1878), Rosa Rosenthal b. Samfeld (1882), Grete Schloss (), Paula Schloss b. Lilienstrauss (1891), Samuel Schloss (1881), Lina Schlossberger (1892), Rosa Schlossberger (1895), Henriette Schwerin (1909), Selma Schwerin born. Reichenberger (1879), Nanny Schönwalter b. Neu (1892), Gitta Selling b. Braun (1896), Mathilde Stein b. Löwenstein (1883), David Stern (1869), Albert Strauss (1890), Moses Talheimer (1855), Rosalie Weinberg (1887), Mathilde Wolf (1872) and Heinrich Wortsmann (1896).

literature

Web links

Commons : Jewish community Niederstetten  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Alemannia Judaica: Niederstetten (Main-Tauber-Kreis) Jüdische Geschichte / Prayer Hall / Synagoge , alemannia-judaica.de, accessed on December 5, 2015.
  2. a b Niederstetten (Main-Tauber-Kreis) Jüdischer Friedhof , alemannia-judaica.de, accessed on December 5, 2015.
  3. After: Saul Friedländer: The Third Reich and the Jews. Munich 1998, p. 54.
  4. Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  5. Information from the memorial book - Victims of the persecution of the Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945.