Jewish community Hochhausen (Tauberbischofsheim)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The former synagogue of the Jewish community in Hochhausen bei Judengässchen (2017), now vacant rooms in a former carpenter's workshop

The Jewish community in Hochhausen , a district of Tauberbischofsheim , existed from the 17th century until 1913.

history

The Jewish cemetery in Hochhausen with 27 graves (2017)

The Jewish community of Hochhausen is known from the 17th century. In 1706 four Jews from Hochhausen were named who each had to pay ten guilders protection money.

The Jewish community in Hochhausen owned a synagogue , a Jewish school (in the no longer existing Jewish school building on the corner of Judengasse / Schmiedegasse), the Jewish cemetery in Hochhausen and a ritual bath , which bordered the property at Mühlenwörth 7. The bathing house presumably standing there was about 3 m by 4 m and got the water of the Tauber through a small canal from the Mühlkanal . The ritual bath came into the possession of the mill around 1920 and was probably filled in at the time. A separate religion teacher was employed, who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet . In 1827 the Jewish community of Hochhausen was assigned to the Wertheim district rabbinate, which from 1850 to 1864 was also temporarily located at the Jewish community of Tauberbischofsheim .

Plaque in the town hall of Tauberbischofsheim: “In memory of the Jewish citizens expelled and murdered by injustice and tyranny” of the city from 1933 to 1945

The number of Jewish residents in Hochhausen developed as follows in the 19th and 20th centuries: 1826 (53 Jewish residents, 6.3% of a total of 840 residents in Hochhausen), 1833 (38), 1838 (52), 1839 (51, 6th , 2% of a total of 819 inhabitants, including 767 Catholics and 1 Protestant), 1841 (51), 1848 (71, 7.9% of a total of 904), 1864 (72), 1871 (97, 10% of a total of 972), 1875 (103, 10.3% of a total of almost 1000), 1880 (80), 1885 (73), 1890 (61), 1895 (52, 6.5% of a total of 794), 1900 (33 Jewish residents still), 1905 (29), 1910 (23, out of a total of 660 inhabitants), 1925 (only three, out of 652). At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, the number of Jewish residents in high-rise buildings fell sharply due to emigration and emigration. Only very rarely could the ten men required for worship be reached. In 1887 the Jewish community Impfingen was still assigned as a branch (filial community) of the Jewish community Hochhausen; As early as 1911, however, the Jewish community of Hochhausen itself was named as a branch of the Jewish community of Wenkheim . By a message from the “ Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums ” on August 29, 1913, three Jewish communities, including Hochhausen an der Tauber, Impfingen and another Jewish community in the Mosbach synagogue district, were declared dissolved. In 1933 there were still two Jewish women living in Hochhausen: Frieda Rosenstock ran a grocery store with her daughter. After the death of her mother, the daughter moved to Frankfurt am Main in 1934 . This ended the history of the Jewish community in Hochhausen.

year Number of Jewish residents in Hochhausen
1826 53 (6.3% of a total of 840 inhabitants)
1833 38
1838 52
1839 51 (6.2% of a total of 819 inhabitants)
1841 51
1848 71 (7.9% of a total of 904)
1864 72
1871 97 (10% of a total of 972)
1875 103 (10.3% of a total of around 1000 inhabitants)
1880 80
1885 73
1890 61
1895 52 (6.5% of a total of 794 inhabitants)
1900 33
1905 29
1910 23 (out of 660 inhabitants)
1925 3 (of 652 inhabitants)

Of the Jewish people who were born in Hochhausen or who lived there for a long time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era : Paula Daniel geb. Weinstock (1875), Marie Münster b. Stiefel (1874), Flora Oppenheimer b. Rosenstock (1887), Lotte Reinstein b. Stiefel (1866), Julius Rothschild (1908), Salomon Rothschild (1865), David Stiefel (1869), Emil Stiefel (1872), Siegmund Stiefel (1879).

Jewish buildings and facilities

In addition to the synagogue, the Jewish school, the ritual bath and the Jewish cemetery, the following former Jewish businesses and houses are known:

  • Mühlenwörth 2 (Lazarus Weinstock's butcher's shop); The building of the former "Judenmetzgerei", which was also the home of the Jewish butcher, is located in today's building at Mühlenwörth 2; On the lintel next to the dates and initials a beef head could be seen, which indicated that there was once a Jewish butcher's shop there.
  • Mühlenwörth 11.
  • Neue Gasse 1 and Neue Gasse 3 (department store / lastly Frieda Rosenstock grocery store; demolished; the Emanuel Rosenstock family home was Neue Gasse 1 until around 1920).
  • Rathausstrasse 2 (this was the property of the B. Stiefel company until 1904; the company founder Benedikt Stiefel died in 1885, afterwards Marx Stiefel was the owner; in 1904 the property was bought by the non-Jewish Pfriem family; they ran the Pfriem department store here from 1904 to 2000 ).
  • Rathausstrasse 4 (was rebuilt).
  • Rathausstrasse 6.
  • Rathausstrasse 8 (Samuel Rothschild family, cattle dealers, called "Sam").
  • Rathausstrasse 11 (later the town hall, it should also have been a Jewish department store).
  • Schulgasse 13 (today's restaurant "Mühlenstüble" - but at that time a completely different house).
  • Schulzengasse 1 (the showman Adolf Wolfinger).
  • Schulzengasse 3.
  • Zum Oberen Tor 2 (a Jewish woman lived here, among other things, it was the inn "Zum Weisse Ross").
  • Zum Oberen Tor 4 ("Zum golden Engel" inn: the timber merchant Isaak Stiefel lived here in the front part of the house).

See also

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online version ).

Web links

Commons : Jüdische Gemeinde Hochhausen (Tauberbischofsheim)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Alemannia Judaica: Hochhausen (city of Tauberbischofsheim, Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / prayer room / synagogue . online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  2. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  3. ↑ Information from the memorial book - Victims of the persecution of the Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945.