Jewish community Külsheim

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Monument in memory of the city's Jews on the remains of the wall of the former synagogue in Külsheim

The Jewish community in Külsheim existed from the Middle Ages to the time of National Socialism.

history

A Jewish community existed in Külsheim since the Middle Ages. Persecution of Jews in the village was mentioned in 1298, 1337 and 1348/49. In modern times, the Jewish community in Külsheim existed until 1940.

The Jewish community Külsheim owned the synagogue Külsheim , a Jewish school (until 1876 as a denominational school, then a religious school) and a ritual bath . The dead of the Jewish community were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Külsheim . A separate religion teacher was employed, who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet . Since 1827 the Jewish community Külsheim belonged to the district rabbinate Wertheim , which from 1850 to 1864 had its temporary seat at the Jewish community Tauberbischofsheim .

Jewish cemetery in Külsheim

At the beginning of the 19th century, in 1825 to be precise, there were 51 Jewish residents in Külsheim. That was two percent of the then 2539 inhabitants. The highest number of Jewish residents was recorded in 1864 with 211 Jewish residents. Then the numbers went down again. In 1871 there were 196 Jewish citizens in Külsheim. That corresponded to 10.7 percent of the 1833 residents living in Külsheim at the time. In 1880 there were only 180 Jews left in Külsheim. In 1900 the Jewish population fell from 180 to 122. This corresponded to 7.3 percent of 1680 inhabitants. At the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Jews continued to decline. On October 22, 1940, the last 13 Jewish residents from Külsheim were deported to the Gurs concentration camp .

The facilities of the Jewish community were a synagogue, a school (denominational school until 1876, then religious school; housed in the synagogue building), a ritual bath and a Jewish cemetery . This served temporarily as a district cemetery for surrounding communities. The Jewish families in Külsheim lived mainly from trading in cattle and from regional production. Some founded state businesses from the middle of the 19th century.

Of the Jewish people who were born in Külsheim or who lived in the town for a long time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era : Ester Adler b. Hahn (1864), Nathan Adler (1885), Nathan Adler (1887), Samuel Adler (1880), Feist Baum (1890), Johanna Baum (1872), Johanna Benedik geb. Brückheimer (1875), Jakob Blum (1873), Fanny Brückheimer (1879), Hedwig Brückheimer (1896), Hilde Brückheimer (1894), Max Brückheimer (1882), Selma Brückheimer (1893), Therese Brückheimer born. Pappenheimer (1863), Zerline Brückheimer (1889), Berta Bär b. Hausmann (1886), Luise Bär (1922), Samuel Bär (1883), Bernhard Hahn (1880), Jettchen Hahn (1887), Jakob Kahn (1882), Rebekka Kastanienbaum (1869), Helene Kaufmann born. Brückheim (1877), Barbara Kuhn (1882), Bella Levy (1893), Berta Neumann b. Hahn (1884), Leopold Neumann (1882), Albert Reichert (1895), Johanna Reichert b. Kuhn (1899), Rosalie Rosenberg b. Held (1863), Recha Scheuer b. Rosenberg (1891), Samuel Scheuer (1877), Sophie Scheuer (1922), Moses Schloß (1871), Sophie Schwarzschild geb. Brückheimer (1881), Ella Seligmann (1876), Karoline Sichel b. Neumann (1854), Moses Strauss (1879), Abraham Strauss (1869), Caroline Weingarten born. Hahn (1861) and Aron Weißbacher (1885).

See also

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: Großbock - Ochtendung. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08078-9 ( online version ).
  • Elmar Weiss, Irmtraut Edelmann, Helmuth Lauf (authors): History of the well town of Külsheim. Two volumes. City of Külsheim (ed.). Tauberbischofsheim, FN Druck 1992. Volume 2. With contributions by Pastor Gehrig, Herwig John, Günther Kuhn. P. 129 ff. ( History of the Jews in Külsheim ):
    • P. 129 f. ( First testimonies - persecutions ).
    • Pp. 130–132 ( The special position of the Jews ).
    • P. 132–135 ( The Külsheim Jews to the end of the Archbishopric Mainz ).
    • Pp. 135–139 ( The emancipation of the Jews in the Grand Duchy of Baden ).
    • P. 139 f. ( The Israelite religious community ).
    • Pp. 141–143 ( The Synagogue ).
    • Pp. 143–145 ( The Jewish Women's Bath ).
    • Pp. 145–154 ( The Jewish Cemetery ).
    • Pp. 154–156 ( School lessons for Jewish children ).
    • Pp. 156–158 ( The economic activity of the Jews ).
    • P. 159 f. ( Jewish population statistics - emigration ).
    • Pp. 160–166 ( Persecution and end of the Jewish community during the Nazi era ).
    • Pp. 166–169 ( Jewish life ).

Web links

Commons : Jüdische Gemeinde Külsheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Alemannia Judaica: Külsheim (Main-Tauber district) / Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
  2. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  3. ↑ Information from the memorial book - Victims of the persecution of the Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945.