Jewish community of Dittigheim

A wedding stone (or wedding stone ) at the former Dittigheim synagogue (built around 1769)

The Jewish community in Dittigheim existed from 16./17. Century to 1881.

history

The development of the Jewish community in Dittigheim goes back to the 16th and 17th centuries. Century back. In the years 1542 to 1555 there are first indications of the existence of Jews in Dittigheim. At that time there was a dispute between Pastor Hans zu Dittigheim and the wife of the Jew Jekhel. In 1573 and 1578 the Jew is named Nehem (b), who at that time was probably the only Jewish resident of Dittigheim. Around 1600 a Jew named Benjamin lived in the village. He was the progenitor of the Strauss family, who lived in Dittigheim until the 19th century. In 1622 the Jew is called Moshe. According to an oral tradition of the former Jewish community, the first Jews in Dittigheim fled Spain.

After the Thirty Years War , more Jews were able to settle in Dittigheim. In 1699, the following protective Jews - some with families - lived in Dittigheim , according to a report by the Grünsfeld office: Moyses from Königshofen (in Dittigheim for 24 years), Lämlein from Mosbach (since 1675 in Dittigheim), Joseph von Dittigheim, Fälklein from Wertheim , Hirschlein from Dittigheim . In 1737 19 Jewish people lived in Dittigheim. In 1763 nine Jewish families are named (family fathers Samson, Jakob, Samson the Younger, Eysig, Löw Hersch, Josef Schmuel, Moyses Joseph, Samuel Jakob, Abraham Schmuel).

In 1816, Dittigheim's first Jew, Samuel Strauss, was granted citizenship of the community. He initially ran a grain trade, later a wine trade. In 1849 he moved to Tauberbischofsheim, where he died in 1864 leaving a foundation for charitable purposes. The population of the Jewish community in Dittigheim initially continued to increase: 1825 (87 Jews in Dittigheim), 1840 (120), 1854 (172 or 15 percent of the local population). Due to emigration and emigration, the number of Jewish residents in Dittigheim fell sharply in the second half of the 19th century.

The Jewish community of Dittigheim owned a synagogue , a religious school (after 1840 a Jewish denominational school at times) and a ritual bath . The dead of the Jewish community were buried in Allersheim , and after 1875 also in the Tauberbischofsheim Jewish cemetery . A separate teacher was employed to take care of religious tasks for the community. This was also active as a prayer leader and slaughterer . In 1827 Dittigheim was assigned to the Wertheim district rabbinate. From 1850 to 1864 this was temporarily located in Tauberbischofsheim . Jews living in Dittwar also visited the synagogue of the Jewish community in Dittigheim.

In November 1881 the Jewish community in Dittigheim was dissolved. At that time there were 14 parishioners, ten of whom lived in Tauberbischofsheim. The other four were also assigned to the Jewish community of Tauberbischofsheim . After around 1900 there were no more Jews living in Dittigheim.

literature

• Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).

Web links

Commons : Jüdische Gemeinde Dittigheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Jewish community of Dittigheim near Alemannia Judaica

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Alemannia Judaica: Dittigheim (city of Tauberbischofsheim, Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / prayer room / synagogue . online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved May 18, 2015.