Mergentheim Jewish Community

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The Jewish community in Mergentheim (later Bad Mergentheim ) in the Main-Tauber district in Baden-Württemberg was founded in the Middle Ages. The community was destroyed several times by the persecution of the Jews in 1298, 1336 and 1349 and was re-established. It existed until the time of National Socialism .

history

Interior view of the synagogue in Bad Mergentheim, drawing by Hermann Fechenbach (1919), at the Baden-Württemberg State Archives

There were Jews in Mergentheim since the Middle Ages. They were approved by the Teutonic Order, also to serve its economic interests. At around 5% in the first half of the 20th century, their share of the population was well above the average for the German Empire (just under 1%). The Mergentheim Jewish community owned the Mergentheim synagogue , a school and a ritual bath . The community's dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Unterbalbach . A separate religion teacher was employed, who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet .

The history of the Jewish community of Mergentheim up to the destruction by National Socialism (expulsion and murder) is described in the book The Last Mergentheim Jews by Hermann Fechenbach (1897–1986), a painter who emigrated to England. The building of the Mergentheim synagogue , built in 1764, existed until 1975.

Mergentheim was the seat of a rabbi since the 18th century . In 1832 the Jewish community of Neunkirchen was merged with the Mergentheimer and the community members of both communities decided to significantly expand and improve the structure of the Mergentheimer synagogue. From 1832 to 1939 there was one of the Württemberg district rabbinates in Mergentheim .

Of the Jewish people who were born in Bad Mergentheim or who lived in Bad Mergentheim for a long time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era : Adolfine Adler (1894), Rosa Adler (1880), Karoline Bier geb. Hirsch (1898), Hanna Blumenfeld (1924), Rosa Blumenfeld born. Fechenbach (1897), Getta Eckmann b. Lehmann (1882), Josef Julius Eckmann (1888), Karoline (Lina) Eckmann b. Fröhlich (1881), Ludwig Eckmann (1923), Hanna Ehrlich (1871), Jette Ehrlich (1867), Rosa Eldod geb. Fröhlich (1908), Bettina Falk (1889), Emilie Falk (1895), Adolf Fechenbach (1887), Felix Fechenbach (1894), Ludwig Fechenbach (1912), Rosa Fechenbach (1910), Regina Fisch b. Main (1872), Salomon Frank (1936), Amalie Friedberger (1868), Anna Fröhlich b. Oppenheimer (1863), Berta Fröhlich b. Neuhaus (1873), Gita Fröhlich (1893 or 1905), Emanuel Furchheimer (1862), Fanny Furchheimer born. Luck (1861), Irma Gersmann b. Fechenbach (1899), Sara Gerstner (1878), Blanka Hartstein b. Rosenstiel (1879), Rosa Heimann b. Rosenfeld (1880), Arthur Herold (1907), Getta Herold b. Lauchheimer (1883), Heinz Herold (1916), Josef Herold (1878), Hermann Hirsch (1868), Samuel Abraham Hirsch (1890), Fanny Igersheimer geb. Singer (1889), Sigmund Igersheimer (1880), Frieda Jaffé b. Igersheimer (1873), Claire Jonas b. Maier (1888), Jakob Jonas (1895), Ludwig Jonas (1883), Benno Kahn (1880), Therese Kahn b. Flegenheimer (1887), Minna Katz b. Ebert (1862), Meta Kaufmann b. Oppenheimer (1903), Edmund Joachim Klein (1893), Gertrud Klein b. Hony (1909), Hedwig Klein b. Hirsch (1901), Rosa Ledermann b. Katzenberger (1877), Cilly Lüneburger b. Strauss (1882), Nathan (Nusen) Markowitz (Markievicz, 1872), Gitel Markowitz b. Engel (1879), Meta Mayer b. Adler (1887), Jenny Mildenberg b. Loeb (1887), Bettina Mohrenwitz b. Höchheimer (1877), Betty Offenbacher b. Hirsch (1860), David Oppenheimer (1889), Henriette (Jette) Pessel b. Hommel (1866), Marianna van Praag b. Kahn (1911), Bertha Reutlinger b. Strauss (1885), Gertrud Rosenheimer b. Strauss (1912), Irma Rosenstiel b. Oppenheimer (1896), Minna Rosenstiel b. Sulzbacher (1873), Käthe Rothschild (1926), Sara Rothschild (1889), Klara Sänger (1880), Dora Schell b. Sandler (1873), Samuel Schell (1871), Fanny Steinberg (1906), Meta Stern geb. Gunzenhausen (1878), Friederike Sally Strauss (1880), Heinrich Strauss (1869), Julius Strauss (1873), Karoline Strauss (1871), Recha Strauss born. Hommel (1877), Sara Strauss b. Berg (1880), Hedwig Süßheim b. Strauss (1881), Julie Jette Sulzbacher (1868), Flora Weil b. Fröhlich (1901), Sofia Weinberg b. Fröhlich (1900), Jeanette Weissburger b. Weisburger (1876), Leopold Weissburger (1880), Regina Westheimer (1875), Bruno Würzburger (1930), Ferdinand Würzburger (1874), Ida Würzburger born. Sommer (1889), Lina Würzburger (1889), Milly Würzburger b. Strauss (1906), Rosa Würzburger (1872), Selma Würzburger (1921) and Rachela Zucker born. Powder (1876). .

See also

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).

Web links

Commons : Bad Mergentheim Jewish Community  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ From 1926 the town of Mergentheim was called Bad .
  2. ^ A b c d e Alemannia Judaica: Bad Mergentheim (Main-Tauber-Kreis) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . online at www.alemannia-judaica.de, accessed on December 2, 2015
  3. ^ Alemannia Judaica: Neunkirchen (city of Bad Mergentheim, Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / prayer room / synagogue . online at www.alemannia-judaica.de, accessed on February 25, 2018.
  4. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  5. ↑ Information from "Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945".