Jewish community Grünsfeld

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The Jewish community in Grünsfeld existed from the 13th century until the time of National Socialism.

history

A Jewish community in Grünsfeld was established in the Middle Ages and existed with interruptions until the time of National Socialism . In 1218, Jewish residents were first mentioned in Grünsfeld. During the rint meat pogrom in 1298, the Jewish community was wiped out. From 1377 onwards Jews were mentioned again. The Grünsfeld Jewish community owned the Grünsfeld synagogue , a Jewish school and a mikveh . The dead of the Jewish community were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Allersheim . A separate religion teacher was employed, who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet . In 1572 there were contacts between the community and the German anti-Trinitarian Jacob Suter . In 1827 the Jewish community in Grünsfeld was assigned to the Wertheim district rabbinate. In 1933, at the beginning of National Socialist rule, there were still 29 Jewish residents. After increasing disenfranchisement and increased reprisals as well as the effects of the ordered economic boycott of Jewish shops , some of them emigrated or moved to other cities in Germany before the Jewish community in Grünsfeld was dissolved on March 7, 1938. The remaining Jews were from then on assigned to the Tauberbischofsheim Jewish community .

Jewish deportation memorial in Grünsfeld

In 1940, the last Jewish inhabitants were from green field to the concentration camp Gurs deported , of which only one person survived the Nazi era. Jews who previously lived in Grünsfeld were also deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . Of the Jewish people who were born in Grünsfeld or who lived in the town for a long time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era: Amalie Bender b. Rosenbaum (1892), Rosa (Rosalie) Bravmann b. Rosenbaum (1881), Lina Forchheimer b. Sichel (1882), Selma Maier b. Sichel (1901), Karolina Merzbacher (1866), Babette Rosenbaum b. Merzbacher (1861), Hermann Rosenbaum (1877), Regina Rosenbaum b. Adler (1881), Hilda Rosenbusch (1895), Jeanette Rosenbusch b. Bayer (1865), Nathan Rosenbusch (1892), Leopold Rothschild (1861), Rosa Rothschild b. Bierig (1877), Selma Schiller b. Rosenbusch (1893), Rosa Schwab b. Rosenheimer (1878), Berta Sichel b. Rosenbaum (1872), Max Sichel (1896) and Otto Sichel (1896).

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: Großbock - Ochtendung. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08078-9 ( online version ).

Web links

Commons : Jüdische Gemeinde Grünsfeld  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Christopher J. Burchill: The Heidelberg Antitrinitarians . In: Bibliotheca Dissidentium . Baden-Baden & Bouxwiller 1989, p. 173 .
  2. a b c Alemannia Judaica: Grünsfeld (Main-Tauber-Kreis) Jewish history / prayer room / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  3. Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  4. Information from "Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945".