Jewish cemetery (Aschbach)

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Jewish cemetery in Aschbach, 2011. In the background the Tahara House.
Old gravestone in the Jewish cemetery in Aschbach, 2011

The Jewish cemetery in Aschbach , a district of Schlüsselfeld in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg , is a Jewish burial site that was occupied from the first half of the 18th century to 1947.

location

The 3410 m² burial site is located on Sandweg directly next to the Aschbach communal cemetery, which was later built there. The property is bordered by a massive sandstone wall that separates both burial grounds in the north.

history

The Jewish community in Aschbach had existed since the early 18th century at the latest. The oldest legible tombstone in the Jewish cemetery dates from 1720, which indicates the approximate age of the burial site. Since 1725, the Gottesacker was also used by the Jewish community in Burghaslach . A contract from 1761 regulated the common use of the cemetery with the Jewish communities in Burghaslach, Fürstenforst, Geiselwind and Vestenbergsgreuth . After the Jewish cemetery was established in Burghaslach in 1775 , some of these communities used the burial site there.

Facility for the ritual washing of corpses in the Tahara House of the Jewish cemetery in Aschbach, 2011
Gravestone from the 1930s in the Jewish cemetery in Aschbach, 2011

By the middle of the 19th century, the number of Jews living in Aschbach rose to over 20 percent of the population, before it fell again due to emigration. In 1850 the massive sandstone wall was built around the cemetery. The Tahara House in the entrance area, which already existed before this time, was replaced by a new building in 1887. The preserved building consists of two rooms and a passage that leads to the rows of tombs. In addition to the cemetery, the Jewish community in Aschbach had a synagogue , a religious school (from 1890 to 1920/23 Israelite elementary school ) and a mikveh . In 1933 there were still 40 Jewish residents in Aschbach (6.1% of a total of 652).

time of the nationalsocialism

During the Nazi era from 1933, the cemetery was desecrated several times. In April 1938, several Jewish families were forced to sell their houses. During the November pogroms in 1938 , numerous windows belonging to Jewish residents were broken. Members of the SA destroyed the interior of the synagogue. The Jewish residents of Aschbach were forced to watch the rituals and writings being burned on the market square. Much of the originating from these places or residents who are Jews fell in the death camps of the Holocaust victims. The last 13 members of the Jewish community in Aschbach were deported to the Izbica transit ghetto and the Theresienstadt ghetto in 1942. The last burial in the Jewish cemetery in Aschbach took place in 1947, when a concentration camp survivor was buried there. A memorial stone , which is located between the entrance gate and the Tahara House, commemorates 15 Jews murdered during the National Socialist era.

Desecrations

After 1945 the burial site was also desecrated. At the beginning of June 2007, three young people aged 17 and 18 knocked over a total of 49 gravestones, several of which broke. About 350 tombstones have been preserved in the Jewish cemetery in Aschbach.

literature

  • Johann Fleischmann: Mezuzah 3. Traces of the Jewish past in Aisch, Aurach, Ebrach and Seebach. The Jewish cemeteries of Zeckern, Walsdorf, Aschbach, Uehlfeld, Mühlhausen, Lisberg, Burghaslach and Reichmannsdorf . Mühlhausen 2002, ISBN 3-933623-07-3
  • Israel Schwierz: Stone evidence of Jewish life in Bavaria. A documentation . Ed. from the Bavarian State Center for Political Education . Munich 1988, pp. 185-186, ISBN 3-87052-393-X

Individual evidence

  1. a b House of Bavarian History : Jewish cemeteries in Bavaria - Schlüsselfeld . As of November 4, 2011.
  2. Alemannia Judaica : Aschbach - Jewish cemetery . As of June 17, 2007.
  3. a b Alemannia Judaica : Aschbach - Jewish history / synagogue . As of June 17, 2007.
  4. ^ The brown farmers of Illesheim (p. 3) in Süddeutsche Zeitung . June 15, 2007.
  5. Central archive for research into the history of Jews in Germany : Jüdischer Friedhof (Aschbach) . As of November 4, 2011.

Web links

Commons : Jewish Cemetery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Michael Trüger: The Jewish cemetery in Aschbach . In: The regional association of the Israelite cultural communities in Bavaria. No. 73 (11th year). June 1997. p. 16.

Coordinates: 49 ° 46 ′ 3 ″  N , 10 ° 33 ′ 47 ″  E