Jewish cemetery (Aufseß)

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Jewish cemetery in Aufseß, newer part (2011)
Jewish cemetery in Aufseß, older part (2011)

The Jewish cemetery in Aufseß in the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth is a Jewish burial site that was built in 1722 and occupied until 1937.

location

The 1200 m² cemetery, surrounded by a concrete wall, is located northwest of the village Aufseß in the Föhrenteich parcel on a slope.

history

Old tombstone on the Jewish cemetery in Aufseß (2011)
The tombstone for Moses Günther (1862–1937), who was last buried in the Jewish cemetery in Aufseß

The first indications of Jewish residents in Aufseß come from a document from 1332 in which Emperor Ludwig IV confirmed the exemption from debts with Jews. It names Jews who were under the protection of the Lords of Aufseß . The Thirty Years' War , in which the place was completely destroyed and most of the inhabitants fell victim to the plague , ended the history of the first Jewish settlement. From the early 18th century onwards, Carl Heinrich von Aufseß took in Jews from Burgellern who had survived the anti-Jewish peasant uprising in some places in the Principality of Bamberg in 1699 . The deceased of the Jewish community in Aufseß were initially buried in the Jewish cemetery in Heiligenstadt .

In 1722 Carl Heinrich von Aufseß sold the Jews both a building for the establishment of a synagogue and a piece of land for their own burial site. From then on, the deceased Jews from Hollfeld and, until their own cemetery was built in 1786, from Bayreuth found their final resting place in the Jewish cemetery in Aufseß . In 1753, 62 people of the Jewish faith lived in Aufseß. In 1840 the proportion of the population reached its peak at 17.5% (105 out of a total of 600 inhabitants), only to then decline again due to emigration as a result of the Bavarian Jewish edict of 1813 . In 1902 the few Jewish residents of Heiligenstadt were assigned to the community in Aufseß and their deceased were now also buried there. In 1910, however, there were no longer any Jewish people living in Heiligenstadt, while there were still 44 resident Jews in Aufseß.

One of the last people to be buried in the Jewish cemetery in Aufseß was Babette Fleischmann, who died on March 6, 1933 at the age of almost 100 years. On the occasion of her upcoming 100th birthday and her death nine days earlier, the Bayerische Israelitische Gemeindezeitung dedicated an article to her.

At the beginning of the Nazi era in 1933, there were eleven Jewish citizens living in Aufseß, three of whom were able to emigrate to the United States and one died in the village in 1937. The last Jews left the place after the November pogroms in 1938 . At least 16 Jews born or temporarily resident in Aufseß fell victim to the Holocaust . The Jewish cemetery in Aufseß was desecrated in 1937 and subsequently, as far as is known, remained unscathed. There are 143 tombstones preserved there.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b House of Bavarian History : Jewish cemeteries in Bavaria - Aufseß . As of November 11, 2011.
  2. ^ A b Alemannia Judaica : Aufseß - Jüdische Geschichte / Synagoge . As of June 24, 2010.
  3. ↑ Unteraufseß Castle - Structural History ( Memento of the original from April 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . As of November 11, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schloss-unteraufsess.de
  4. ↑ One hundred year birthday . In: Bayerische Israelitische Gemeindezeitung. Issued March 1, 1933.
  5. ↑ " Death comes quickly to man ." In: Bayerische Israelitische Gemeindezeitung. Issued March 15, 1933.
  6. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 . As of May 19, 2011.
  7. ↑ Alemannia Judaica : Aufseß - Jewish cemetery . As of July 16, 2011.

Web links

Commons : Jewish Cemetery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Michael Trüger: The Jewish cemetery in Aufseß . In: The National Association of Israelites. Religious communities in Bavaria. No. 79 (14th year). April 1999. p. 20.

Coordinates: 49 ° 53 ′ 8 ″  N , 11 ° 13 ′ 1 ″  E