Jabach (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Jabach

The Jabach family dynasty first appeared in Cologne at the end of the 14th century; its members were fur makers and later also active in the financial sector and as art collectors. 1488 the family of King was Maximilian of imperial nobility by royal nobility awarded the 1621 Board-capable family of Emperor Ferdinand II. Was confirmed. The male line died out in 1761.

Important figures of the dynasty

Presumably Katharina Jabach, the concubine of the Archbishop of Cologne and Elector Gebhard von Mansfeld

The ancestors and their exact names are controversial. The spelling of the name in Cologne Schreinsbüchern (today's land registers ) - if Jabeck, Jaebeck or Jabach - can not be trusted, given the former randomness of German spelling. It is also confusing that at least 6 Everhard (Eberhard) appeared in the dynasty that were of historical importance.

Entrance gate to the "Hôtel Jabach", Paris - watercolor by Jules-Adolphe Chauvet (1891)

The local history researcher Peter Paul Trippen assumes that the progenitor of the family Peter Jabach (born May 10, 1397 in Lebach- Jabach) is who named himself Jabach bei Lebach after his place of birth. He married Catharina von der Recke on February 14, 1427 and lived in the parish of St. Severin , because the children's baptism certificates are kept there. One son was named Peter Jabach (* 1435, † 1503), whom King Maximilian I raised to the nobility on October 30, 1488. In his genealogical research, Johann Jakob Merlo assumed that the ancestor of the Goedart family (Gottfried) van Jabeck (born April 16, 1438 in Cologne), who first appeared on December 21, 1469, when he was from the family Johann Meynershagen acquired the "Haus Hennegauwe" (Hennegau) in Cologne's Bürgerstrasse. On November 11, 1478, the couple bought a pension from the Volmer van der Britzen to the "Haus Wirtzburg" in Botengasse, which they sold again on December 18, 1489. Their presumed son Arnould (Arnold) van Jabeck († 1516) first appeared on November 5, 1490 when he bought a house and is referred to as a fur maker ("Buntwerker"). On August 6, 1501, he acquired the "Huys zodeme Carbunckell" (To the carbuncle) in cave 28, near today's Hohe Straße . The neighboring house was inhabited between 1444 and 1451 by the cathedral painter Stefan Lochner . Arnould van Jabeck 1504 councilman and died in February 1516. His daughter was probably Catharina Jabach that with the Cologne Archbishop and Elector Gebhard of Mansfeld (1524 *) in concubinage lived. She had two daughters with him, Sibylla and Dorothea von Mansfeld, and on September 30, 1557, she received the house “zur Glocke” on Cologne's Waidmarkt for her illegitimate daughters. From the house she drove - like a princess - to the Archbishop's residence in her own car. A painting by Bartholomäus Bruyn the Elder from 1535 is said to represent them. However, the predominant iconographic arguments speak against it. On the one hand, Mansfeld was only 11 years old at the time of the painting (1535) and is said to have cohabited with the 10-15 years older lady when he was the Cologne canon (1538). The dating of the painting to 1535 shows an older woman and not a young girl. On the other hand, the painting depicts wild pansies, whose iconographic interpretation in humanism stood for the shyness and modesty of a woman, which is just as untrue for a mistress as the fact that de Bruyn painted a series of good - clad - Cologne bourgeois women, in which Catharina Jabach doesn't fit either. Catharina married immediately, because on April 19, 1565, she and her husband Wilhelm van Mulhem bought two houses in Blindgasse.

Jelis van Jabach appeared for the first time with the surname Jabach, probably the brother of Arnold van Jabeck. Jelis bought two houses in Filzengraben (Vilzgassen) on March 10, 1503, but sold them to Johann van Blyterswitch (Blitterswich) on October 15, 1506. The spelling Jabeck appeared again in a document dated March 15, 1560 by Johann Jabeck († June 11, 1556). In his will, Johann Jabeck considers 5 children, including Everhard (Eberhard) Jabach for the first time.

  • Everhard Jabach (* 1528, † 1579) would be Everhard I Jabach . On February 11, 1576, Everhard I transfers the former bakery in Schildergasse to Arnolt ( sic ) Jabach, while the "Schomanshaus" in Schildergasse is transferred to Everhard I at the same time. He acquired the Branderhof (Brannthoff) (Oberkülheim) in 1578 at the latest, which passed to his son Johann in 1592. This was followed by a plot of land in Cologne's Sternengasse 25, registered only after his death on September 3, 1580. The rear vineyard for this was assigned to him on June 25, 1571. On June 26, 1571, he acquired lands in front of the Gereon Gate . Everhard I began business relations with Antwerp , where he established a trading office. He had 3 children, including
  • Everhard II († after 1621 Cologne): The dynasty owes the greatest increase in wealth to him. He married Helene Wickrath on November 20, 1557 and in 1566 took over his father's branch in Antwerp as "Eberhard Jabach von Anttorf" (= Antwerp). There he receives all "fryheyden ende immuniteten" (all freedoms and legal protection) from the Spanish king. He even operated the fur trade with his own trading fleet. From December 22, 1578 he is registered as a member of the Cologne council. Eberhard II was assigned the property at 25 Sternengasse on February 21, 1597. On April 7, 1601, he acquired neighboring land (No. 25a), so that the conditions for the construction of the Jarbacher Hof were created. Emperor Ferdinand II confirmed Eberhard II's nobility in 1621.
  • Everhard III (* December 21, 1567 Amsterdam, † May 23, 1636 Cologne): The Eighty Years' War raging between Spain and the independence striving Dutch provinces caused the family of Everhard II to return to Cologne in 1577. There son Everhard III married Anna Reuter in 1594. He sympathized with Protestants and was therefore not elected councilor of Cologne in 1600 and 1603. Only after professing Catholicism did he become a member of the council in 1620, was then electoral master in the Senate between 1629 and 1635 and in 1617 acquired the Weiler manor. He died in 1636, his wife in 1637. Portraits of Everhard III Jabach and his wife Anna Reuter, executed by Gortzius Geldorp , hang in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum in Bonn.
  • Eberhard IV (born July 10, 1618 in Cologne, † March 9, 1695 Paris ) took over his father's banking business in Cologne in 1636 and traveled to London in 1637 to commission Anthonis van Dyck to take self-portraits there. He stayed in Cologne again in November 1637. In 1637, Eberhard IV commissioned what is probably the most famous Cologne painting from the Baroque period, the “Crucifixion of Peter” by Peter Paul Rubens . Rubens was largely able to complete the painting by the time he died. It has been in St. Peter's Church since 1642 . Everhard IV moved to Paris in 1638, where he became Cardinal Jules Mazarin's financial administrator in 1642 and a citizen of Paris in 1647, without giving up the citizenship of Cologne. On October 28, 1648, he married Anna Maria von Groote, the daughter of the Cologne merchant Heinrich von Groote , in Cologne ; both moved to Paris, where their eldest daughter Anna Maria was born in 1650. After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Eberhard IV bought 100 valuable paintings and more than 6000 drawings and in 1655 part of the former Arundel collection in London as part of the “Commonwealth Sale” . He housed this extensive collection in a Hôtel particulier completed by Pierre Bullet on October 10, 1659 for Jabach in the former rue Saint-Médéric 46. Jabach had an apartment, office and warehouse where today's rue Saint-Merri meets the forecourt of the Center Georges Pompidou at the level of Café Beaubourg (Costes) and rue Saint-Martin . Daughter Maria Anna Jabach sold the hotel in 1701.
Family portrait of Eberhard IV Jabach's family - painting by Charles Le Brun (1660)
Charles Le Brun painted the family in 1660 in an artistically and historically significant picture with monumental dimensions of 2.33 meters by 3.25 meters. It shows the family of Eberhard Jabach IV, his wife Anna Maria de Groote (1624–1701); The children Maria Anna (1650–1706), Helena (1654–1701), Everhard (1656–1721) and the infant Heinrich (1659–1709) are also shown. The objects lying on the floor (Bible, Sebastiano Serlio's architectural guide, compass, drawing, a marble bust, a book and a globe) symbolize the family's cultural interests. The picture came to Cologne in 1695 and adorned the Jabacher Hof. In 1814 it became part of the community of heirs of the von Groote family, who placed it in the house of Everhard von Groote at Glockengasse 9, where it was auctioned on May 4, 1886. In May 2014 it was auctioned by the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art . Goethe enthusiastically described the picture in From my life. Poetry and truth . In 1662, for financial reasons, Eberhard IV had to sell most of his painting collection to King Louis XIV , who included them in his “Cabinet du roi” and passed them on to the Louvre . The family portrait was not sold to King Ludwig and is therefore one of the few works owned by the Jabachs that did not end up in the Louvre. Once again in financial distress (besieged by his creditors), Jabach sold 101 paintings and 5542 graphic sheets by the greatest masters to King Ludwig on March 29, 1671 for 221,338 livres , which formed the basis of today's Louvre. However, he continued to collect, unimpressed and again brought up 672 paintings, 4105 drawings and 303 copper plates. He was able to recover quickly financially, because in 1691 Jabach was again one of the “forts banquiers” (great bankers) in Paris. He was buried in the late Gothic church of Saint-Merry in 1695 .
  • Eberhard V (born September 13, 1656 Cologne, † March 3, 1721 Cologne), depicted in the family painting, lived permanently in the Jabacher Hof from 1680, was elected a council member in 1688 and went to Paris in 1696 to manage his father's estate. The drawings were received by the Parisian art collector Pierre Crozat , the rest were scattered around the world. He had 5 sons and a daughter, of whom Gerhard, Michael, Franz Anton (1695–1761) and Johann Engelbert (1697–1747) were also art collectors. His brother Johann Engelbert von Jabach was canon in the Archdiocese of Cologne.
  • Eberhard VI, who remained childless. (* March 11, 1684 Cologne, † August 10, 1742 Cologne) managed the trading business in Livorno from 1724 and lived in the Jabacher Hof since 1741 at the latest. The last family member died in 1772, Maria Esther Dulman, the widow of Eberhard VI.

Jabacher Hof

Sternengasse 10 - Jabacher Hof, in the foreground left No. 12 (1910)
Cologne, Sternengasse 25a: Jabacher Hof (stair tower and lower arcades) before the demolition in 1900
Cologne, Sternengasse 25a: Jabacher Hof, star room with two-bay star vault (1892)

The "Gunters House", which has been attested since 1330, was on property no. Later previous owner of house no. 25 was the shrine clerk Heinrich Wickrath, who bequeathed it to his daughter Helene Wickrath (1531–1585) and her husband Everhard II. Jabach (1528–1579) in 1557. On September 3, 1580, the following entry was made in the shrine register: “Wilne dem Ersamen Euertten Jabach and Helenen Wickrats are still alive, have been married”.

The Jabacher Hof was a palace-like property at Sternengasse 25-25a. The family initially acquired the land on June 26, 1571. The start of construction on the new building can no longer be clearly dated, but it is believed to have been in 1592; the cast iron firebacks bore this year. An expansion took place in 1598. The property initially functioned as an office and warehouse, it was not until 1615 that the family used it as a residence. Four members of the Jabach family lived in the Jabach'schen Hof. It had a 20 meter high stair tower with 84 stone steps above ground and 31 wooden steps and had elaborate stucco work, bay windows, wood paneling and artificial glazing. As in most posh estates of the time, there was a house chapel. They - and other parts of the court - were designed by the Cologne-based painter Gortzius Geldorp . The garden hall in No. 25a measured 8.40 meters by 6.20 meters and had a two-bay hall covered by a star vault and provided with consoles and window pillars. The conversion of the Gothic house was only carried out by Everhard III. Jabach (1567-1616). Johann Hontum, married to Sibilla Jabach, the third daughter of Jabach III., Since 1633, was the head of the Jabach trading house in Cologne. Everhard IV traveled to London in 1637, returned to Cologne in November 1637 and married Anna Maria de Groote in Cologne on October 28, 1648. Both moved to Paris, Everhard stayed in Cologne again in August 1654, and evidence of his last stay at the Jabacher Hof was in September 1656.

Jan Rubens (1530–1587), his son Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) and Maria de 'Medici did not live here, as often claimed, but in Groensfelder - the latter from October 1641 until the anniversary of her death on July 3, 1642 Hof , Sternengasse 10. Goethe stayed on the 24th and 25th of his visit to Cologne. July 1774 in the inn "Zum heiligen Geist" at Thurnmarkt 16 and visited the Jabacher Hof, where he admired the monumental family painting.

After the Jabach dynasty died out, the family-related Ferdinand de Groote followed as the owner of the Jabacher Hof in 1772, and from 1791 at the latest the Canon Johann Matthias de Bors von Overen, who leased it to Everhard Oswald Freiherr von Mering for 12 years on November 17, 1791. His son Friedrich Everhard von Mering was born here on March 17, 1799 . Mering acquired the Monschau house at Severinstrasse 162 in 1802. The last owner of the Jabach-Hof was the Cologne charity. Around 1900 the Jabacher Hof was largely replaced by a new building, with only the listed garden hall remaining. The Second World War brought complete destruction .

Banking business

Little is known about the banking activities of the Jabachs. It may be doubted whether it is really about companies concerned, the commercial banking operation. It is possible that the Jabachs also conducted financial transactions in their trading companies, but these did not justify the term banking business. Eberhard IV took over the "father's banking business" in Cologne in 1636 and Cardinal Jules Mazarin's financial administration in Paris in 1642. The banking house of Messrs. René Jacquemart and Doulcet d'Egligny in Paris traded as “Comptoir Commercial” (Handelskontor) or as “Caisse Jabach” (cash office Jahrbach) and was located in rue neuve Saint-Merri 46. “The Comptoir Commercial is a discount bank for trade and manufacturers to provide these funds. ”It had the right to issue banknotes , so it was a real bank. Because it was founded in 1800, it is unlikely that a family member of the Jabachs was involved in the business as a banker; because at that time the family line was already extinct. Rather, the company name as "Caisse Jabach" comes from the Jabach house in which the bank resided. It filed for bankruptcy on October 3, 1813.

There was a trading house in Livorno, often referred to as a bank. Eberhard VI headed the business here from 1724, which was initially run by unmarried brother Gerhard Michael (born November 13, 1688 Cologne, † May 26, 1751 Livorno) from 1742 and then by Franz Anton Jabach, who was also unmarried (born July 20, 1695 Cologne, † February 13, 1761 Livorno) from 1751. He auctioned the family's inherited art collection on October 16, 1753 in Amsterdam and died childless in Livorno. With the death of Franz Anton Jabach, who remained childless, in 1761, the male line of the Jabachs became extinct.

coat of arms

The coat of arms (awarded by King Maximilian in 1488) shows two arms in gold, growing from blue clouds on the sides, clad in red, holding a blue flower ( forget-me-not ). On the helmet with blue and gold covers a blue, growing, crowned peacock with open wings, one of which is blue, the other gold; the forget-me-not is repeated on each one. Sometimes the peacock is missing. This coat of arms was also confirmed in the confirmation of the imperial nobility in 1621, but then also appears with two overturned points in the head of the shield and a ring in the base of the shield , as well as on the helmet with the crown and as a crest ornament a horse's trunk between the wings.

Others

The Louvre devoted to the works of art collector from June to September 2013, "The Everhard Jabach collection of Northern Art" exhibition of paintings from the selling of Jabach at the Louvre collection of Albrecht Dürer , Hans Holbein the Elder , Matthijs Bril , Bernard van Orley , Peter Paul Rubens and van Dyck. The 57-meter-long Jabachstrasse near the Church of St. Cäcilien is named after the Jabach family in Cologne .

Web links

Commons : Jabach (family)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Anton F. Fahne : History of the Cologne, Jülich and Bergisch families in family tables. Cologne 1848, p. 185
  2. ^ Gudrun Calov: Jabach. In: New German Biography. 10 (1974), p. 208 ( online version )
  3. ↑ Peter Paul Trippen: Jabach, the "Fugger family" of the West. 1938, p. 14
  4. ↑ Peter Paul Trippen: Jabach, the "Fugger family" of the West. 1938, p. 14
  5. ↑ Johann Jakob Merlo: The Jabach family in Cologne and your love of art. In: Annals of the historical association for the Lower Rhine. Issues 9-12, 1861, pp. 2 f.
  6. ^ Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine. 1888, p. 6
  7. ^ History of the former rule Lobberich.
  8. ↑ Roemergarde.de No. 10, January 12, 2012, “Von Reuerinnen” and Police Presidents ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , after Hermann von Weinsberg  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.roemergarde.de
  9. ↑ a b Andreas Tacke (Ed.): We want to give space to love: concubinates. (2006), p. 129 f.
  10. ↑ Sven Rabeler: Mistresses. In: Courtyards and residences in the late medieval empire. Images and terms. Edited by Werner Paravicini , arr. by Jan Hirschbiegel and Jörg Wettlaufer. Residency research 15 II, volumes 1 and 2, Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2005
  11. ^ Residences Commission of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen: color plate 13
  12. ↑ Andreas Tacke: We want to give space to love: concubinates of clerical and secular princes around 1500. 2003, p. 129 ff.
  13. ↑ Johann Jakob Merlo: The Jabach family in Cologne and your love of art. In: Annals of the historical association for the Lower Rhine. Issues 9-12, 1861, p. 15
  14. ↑ Stefan Lewejohann (Ed.): Cologne in unholy times. 2014, p. 120
  15. ↑ Stefan Lewejohann (Ed.): Cologne in unholy times. 2014, p. 122
  16. ↑ Peter Fuchs (ed.): Chronicle of the history of the city of Cologne. 1991, Volume 2, p. 102
  17. ^ Oskar Bätschmann : Hans Holbein the Elder. J. 2010, p. 116 f.
  18. ↑ demolished in 1938; today: rue Neuve Saint-Merri 42, the house stood on what is now the forecourt of the Center Georges Pompidou
  19. ↑ Part 3, Book 14
  20. ↑ Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein, issues 9-12, 1861, p. 13
  21. ^ Friedrich W. Gubitz: Yearbook of the useful and entertaining. Volume 13, 1847, p. 81
  22. ↑ named after Field Marshal Jost Maximilian Graf von Groensfeld
  23. ↑ Peter Fuchs (ed.): Chronicle of the history of the city of Cologne. 1991, Volume 2, p. 96
  24. ^ Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Historical commission: New German biography: Bd. Hufeland-Kaffsack. 1974, p. 208
  25. ↑ Isabelle Kirgus: Renaissance in Cologne: Architecture and furnishings 1520-1620. 2000, p. 73
  26. ^ Bad Post: Didaskalia. , 1854
  27. ^ Almanach du commerce de Paris , 1805, p. 345