Jaborosa

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Jaborosa
Jaborosa integrifolia

Jaborosa integrifolia

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Nightshade (Solanales)
Family : Nightshade family (Solanaceae)
Genre : Jaborosa
Scientific name
Jaborosa
Yuss.

Jaborosa is a plant genus of the family of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Within the genus 23 species are distinguished, all of which are found in South America.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Jaborosa species are usually perennial , herbaceous plants that survive as semi- cryptophytes or geophytes . Two species may be annual or biennial . Very often the plants have cone-forming roots or rhizomes , sometimes the roots are thickened to 0.8 to 7 cm and up to 60 cm long. There are no protruding stem axes . Decumbent branches that are more than 1.5 m in length, or hardly 3 to 10 cm in length, or ascending branches of 20 to 60 (rarely 4 to 150) cm in length can be formed. The plants can thus occupy an area with a diameter of about 50 cm. The plants can be hairless or woolly hairy. The trichomes are short or very long, simple or glandular with unicellular or multicellular heads.

The leaves are sessile, almost sessile or stalked. The leaf stalks are either short (3 to 12 mm long), slightly longer (20 to 100 mm long) or long (and then up to 180 mm long). In exceptional cases, the plants also form a basal rosette of leaves. In the species of the section Jaborosa , the leaf blade has entire margins, with serrated margins almost entire or slightly lobed-toothed; in the species of the Lonchestigma section , it is pinnate or pinned up to two-ply. Depending on the species, the leaves can be assigned to different groups: Small leaves are 1.7 to 4.5 (rarely 1.5 to 6.5) cm long, medium-sized leaves are 8 to 22 (rarely only 5) cm long and large leaves are 23 to 27 cm long.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers stand in pairs to four (rarely individually up to seven) in the armpits or dense clusters or clusters of 20 to 60 (rarely up to 120) flowers form in the armpits. Most of the flowers are odorless, only a few species have an unpleasant odor. The flower stalks are 5 to 70 (rarely up to 190) mm long. The calyx is radial symmetry, depending on the species, it can be just as long or longer, slightly shorter or significantly shorter than the corolla tube and reaches lengths of either 2.1 to 4.5 mm or 3.5 to 8 (rarely 10) mm. The crown is also radial symmetry, it is usually white, yellowish-white or greenish-white in color, but occasionally the outside is green and the inside is dark-purple to almost black. They come in different shapes and sizes: Usually they are 7 to 20 (rarely up to 52) mm long and have a bell-shaped or urn-shaped tube, less often they are 55 to 145 mm longer and have a cylindrical, wheel-shaped, bell-shaped tube -wheel-shaped or plate-shaped crown tube. The corolla lobes are usually shorter than the corolla tube, they can stand upright, splayed, bent back or rolled back.

The stamens are of the same shape, they stand slightly over the corolla tube or are not over it. The stamens can start at different points of the corolla tube and are usually a little oblique to the center of the flower. The anthers are either 3.5 to 5 mm long or just 1.2 to 1.5 (rarely 0.9 to 3.5) mm in length. Usually they are shorter than the stamens, only rarely are they longer and only in exceptional cases are they the same length. The pollen grains are mostly medium-sized with 31 to 41 µm, exceptions are, for example, Jaborosa integrifolia with large (52 to 60 µm) or Jaborosa sativa with small (22.5 to 24.5 µm) pollen grains. In the Jaborosa section the pollen grains are three or four porous and have a smooth pollen grain wall; in the Lonchestigma section the pollen grains are three- colored and the pollen grain wall is reticulate. The ovary is usually two-sided, only in two types it is three to five-sided. Usually it is hairless, only with Jaborosa ameghinoi the upper half is densely hairy with fine hairs. The stylus is usually short, it bears a scar that can be depressed spherical, compressed spherical, saddle-shaped, two- to five-lobed or five-fold with 2 to 5 mm long branches. The circular nectarium is mostly inconspicuous and narrow.

Fruits and seeds

The fruits are indented, almost spherical berries that only grow in contact with the ground in exceptional cases . They usually measure 1 to 2 (rarely up to 3) cm in diameter, only in exceptional cases do they get larger. They are partially enclosed by the enlarging calyx, the stem is usually curved. The number of seeds per fruit varies depending on the species: Jaborosa runcinata , for example, only produces one to five seeds, while Jaborosa lanigera can produce 85 to 90 seeds. The seeds are kidney-shaped, almost spherical or irregularly shaped. They become 3 to 4 (rarely 2 to 5.5) mm long. The surface is structured like a honeycomb, the individual cells are very deep. The embryo is circular, endosperm is formed abundantly.

Occurrence and locations

The genus has two main distribution centers: One west of the Andes from southern Peru and Bolivia to Tierra del Fuego , the other in southeastern South America in the clay-rich valleys of the Río Paraná and the Río Uruguay . Eleven of the species are endemic , mostly found in the arid, western regions of Argentina . The locations range from near sea level to an altitude of 2500 to 4700 m in the Andes.

Jaborosa integrifolia

Systematics

Within the genus 23 species are distinguished, which are divided into two sections:

Jaborosa sect. Jaborosa
Jaborosa sect. Lonches stigma

proof

literature

  • Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. ARG Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001, ISBN 3-904144-77-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Armando T. Hunziker, Gloria E. Barboza: 256. Solanaceae. Pt. 6, tribe III Jaboroseae. In: Flora fanerogamica Argentina. Fasc. 54., 1998, pp. 2-25.
  2. ^ Jaborosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  3. ↑ Classification in the section according to: Karl Reiche: Solanaceae . In: Flora de Chile. Volume 5, 1910, p. 367.

Web links

Commons : Jaborosa  - collection of images, videos and audio files