Jacob Knade

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Jacob Knade , also Jakob Knade and Jakob Knothe (* around 1495 in Danzig , Royal Prussia ; † 1564 in Loitz , Duchy of Pomerania ) was a German Dominican and Protestant theologian in Prussia and Pomerania. He was the first Reformation preacher in the Kingdom of Poland and in 1518 one of the first married Catholic priests in Germany.

Life

Working in Gdansk

Jacob Knade came from Danzig. His year of birth is unknown. He studied at the University of Frankfurt (Oder) . Jacob Knade was a Dominican monk and was ordained a priest in 1516 (?) . In 1518 he was vicar ( administrator ) at the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Gdansk. As such, influenced by the Lutheran scriptures, he began to preach evangelically. This makes him the first Reformation preacher in Poland. Soon afterwards he married Anna Rastenberg, the stepdaughter of the former mayor of Marienberg Rohböse. He would be one of the first priests to marry. However, the exact time of the marriage is unclear (possibly not until 1525?).

Soon afterwards, the responsible bishop Matthias von Leslau had him arrested and brought to Subkau , hand and foot tied . After six months, his father-in-law managed to get him released after a personal interview with the king, on the condition that Knade leave the city of Gdansk.

Stay with Thorn

Knade was accepted by a nobleman (Krokow?) On his estate near Thorn and was able to work there as a preacher. It is unclear whether he returned to Danzig again afterwards.

Preacher in the Duchy of Prussia

In 1527 Jacob Knothe was a preacher in Marienburg in the Protestant Duchy of Prussia , then in Soldau and in 1530 in Mohrungen . In 1535 he had to justify himself as a preacher in Neidenburg before the Lutheran Bishop Paul Speratus for theological views that were close to those of Kaspar Schwenckfeld . He wrote a revocation. Since there was no agreement, Knothe left the Duchy of Prussia.

Activities in Pomerania

Jakob Knothe went to the Protestant Duchy of Pomerania . He first worked in Wintershagen in the Stolp district, and from around 1538/39 in Anklam . There he was deposed by the Synod in 1543 because of his participation in the unrest in the city that had been triggered by Johannes Hagemeister .

Jacob Knothe then worked in Ueckermünde , Demmin and Loitz, where he died in 1564. His wife then returned to Danzig, where she died around 1581.

literature

  • Grete Grewolls: Knothe, Jakob. In: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Rostock 2011.
  • Gertraut Henze: Jacobus Knade Gedanensis, pastor in oppido Loitz. In: Loitzer Bote. Volume 18, Issue 8, p. 23.
  • Christian Gottlieb Friese : Contributions to the Reformatonsgeschichte in Poland and Litthauen , Breslau 1786. P. 73-75 . Detailed
  • Paul Tschackert : Document book for the Reformation in the Duchy of Prussia . Leipzig 1890. Reprint 2017. P. 383, u.ö.
  • Hellmuth Heyden : Church history of Pomerania . 2nd volume, Cologne 1957, pp. 43 and 47
  • Heinz Neumeyer: Church history of Danzig and West Prussia . 1st volume, Leer 1971, p. 77

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The story was written down by the Dominican monk Martin Gruneweg around 1602/06 in: Almut Bues, Albrecht Berger (ed.): The records of the Dominican Martin Gruneweg (1562 - approx. 1618) about his family in Danzig, his trade trips in Eastern Europe and his Monastic life in Poland. Volume 1. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2008. pp. 229ff. also note 654
  2. ↑ On the events in Danzig in great detail Theodor Hirsch : The Upper Parish Church of St. Marien in Danzig: in its monuments and in its relationship to the church life of Danzig in general. Anhuth, Danzig 1843. pp. 256-258
  3. ↑ Katrin Hildenbrand: Life in rectory: For the transformation of a Protestant way of life . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2016. p. 41 (note 33); with other names: Friedrich Gottlob Hoffmann: Katharina von Bora or Dr. Martin Luther as husband and father. Leipzig 1845. p. 4 note 6
  4. ↑ Paul Simson, the city historian of Danzig, who found no historical evidence for this wedding in the city's archives, says: When did the Danzig priest Paul Knothe get married? In: Communications of the West Prussian History Association . Volume 14. 1915. pp. 2-3 ( RI )
  5. ↑ Gtuneberg did not mention such a return in 1602/06, if the marriage did not take place until 1525, the arrest would have been afterwards, and then the stay in Ducal Prussia.
  6. ↑ Horst Weigert: From Silesia to America: the history of the Schwenckfeldertums . Böhlau, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2007. p. 51 .
  7. ^ Text in Tschackert, Urkundenbuch , Vol. 2, No. 1007
  8. ↑ Gruneweg, who had met her personally, describes her last years, p. 231 .
personal data
SURNAME Knade, Jacob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Knode, Jacob; Knothe, Jacob; Knade, Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian, first married Reformation clergyman, first Protestant preacher in the Kingdom of Poland
DATE OF BIRTH around 1490
PLACE OF BIRTH Gdansk , Kingdom of Poland
DATE OF DEATH 1564
Place of death Loitz , Duchy of Pomerania