Janusz Jędrzejewicz

Janusz Jędrzejewicz

Janusz Jędrzejewicz [ˈjanuʂ jɛndʐɛˈjevit͡ʂ] ; (Born June 21, 1885 in Spiczyńce , † March 16, 1951 in London ) was a Polish educator , politician and Prime Minister .

Life

officer

As a student of education , he became a member of the Polish Socialist Party ( Polska Partia Socjalistyczna ) led by Józef Piłsudski in 1904 . After completing his studies, he initially worked as a teacher for a few years . After the outbreak of the First World War , however, he joined the Polish Legion ( Legiony Polskie ) and the Polish Military Organization ( POW , Polish Polska Organizacja Wojskowa ).

After the First World War and the independence of Poland on 22 November 1918 he was an officer in the army ( Wojsko Polskie ) and served as such at first as aide-de-camp of General Pilsudski. In 1919 he was employed as an officer in Section II ( military intelligence ) and later as a general staff officer in the headquarters of the Lithuanian- Belarusian war front .

Promotion to Prime Minister

After the Polish-Soviet War , his political career began in 1923. At the same time he dealt increasingly with questions of school and education . In 1926 he was the founder and editor of the monthly magazine Wiedza i Życie (Knowledge and Life).

In March 1928 he was first elected a member of the parliament ( Sejm ), to which he belonged until 1935. In 1929 he was a co-founder of the Teachers' Union ( Zrąb ) and the Polish Academy of Literature . Between 1930 and 1935 he was Vice President of the nonpartyites block of government supporters ( Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government ) that substantially through its loyal attitude to become diktatorisch ruling Marschall was characterized Piłsudski.

On August 12, 1931, he was appointed Minister of Religion and Public Education in the cabinet of Prime Minister Aleksander Prystor . As such, he carried out a school reform in 1932 , which was named after him as the Jędrzejewicz reform and introduced extensive innovations in the school system.

On May 12, 1933, he finally became Prime Minister himself, succeeding Prystor . He held this office until he was replaced by Leon Kozłowski on May 15, 1934. At the same time he continued to hold the office of Minister of Education until February 22, 1934. As such, he was one of the founders of the Frédéric Chopin Society in 1934, alongside Foreign Minister Józef Beck , the composer Karol Szymanowski and the former Foreign Minister and later President August Zaleski .

Subsequently, he was one of the co-authors, adopted in April 1935 Constitution . Shortly thereafter, he was elected senator in the elections.

Withdrawal from politics and last years of life in exile

After Piłsudski's death on May 12, 1935, he entered into opposition to the National Unity Camp ( Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego ) founded by Adam Koc in 1937 , the right wing of the previous government camp , Piłsudskis Sanacja , and in 1938 withdrew from the Senate back from political life.

After the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland in September 1939, he fled first to Romania and later via Palestine in 1947 to London , where he was elected chairman of the League Niepodległości Polski in 1948 .

His wife was Cezaria Anna Baudouin de Courtenay-Ehrenkreutz-Jędrzejewiczowa , a pioneer in the field of ethnology and ethnography in Poland. His younger brother Wacław Jędrzejewicz was not only an officer and diplomat, but also Minister for Religion and Public Education in his cabinet and in the governments of Leon Kozłowski and Walery Sławek .

Web links

• Biography on the homepage of the government chancellery (Polish)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ see also English Wikipedia
2. ↑ The Jędrzejewicz Reform Act of March 11, 1932  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ^ Poland - History & Background .
4. ^ Founder of the Frédéric Chopin Society