Jerusalemer Strasse (Berlin)
| Jerusalem Street | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | center |
| Created | around 1701 |
| Connecting roads |
Hausvogteiplatz (north) , Zimmerstrasse (south) |
| Cross streets |
(Selection) Mohrenstrasse , Leipziger Strasse , Schützenstrasse |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic |
The Jerusalem street is a street in the Berlin district of Mitte . The character of the street is shaped by historical gaps and architecturally heterogeneous evidence of the last 150 years, by the destruction of structural substance and the effort to restore the past, by the loss of importance and the attempt to return to urban life on the edge of the former death strip do.
location
In the north, Jerusalemer Strasse joins Hausvogteiplatz , at its southern end it meets Zimmerstrasse and the windowless, shiny copper rear of the Axel Springer high-rise building .
history
Jerusalemer Strasse was laid out in 1701 as part of the baroque expansion of Friedrichstadt , whose strict, rectangular block structure has shaped the quarter to this day. The street was named after the Jerusalem Church, first mentioned in 1484 . “The name of the house of God comes from the fact that, in addition to a few figures of saints carved from wood, a replica of the tomb of Christ in Jerusalem was on display. This replica symbolized the Holy City, so to speak , and after it the vernacular called the whole chapel 'zu Hierusalem', a name that surely became common soon after its construction […]. Yes, it even later led to one of the newly laid out streets in Friedrichstadt leading to the house of God being given the same name. "
The location of the original chapel was "outside the city of Cölln in the open field on a country road", but in the 19th century the place at the Jerusalemkirche was already in the middle of a dense business and administrative district, which was used by the clothing companies on Hausvogteiplatz and around the newspaper district the in Kreuzberg located Koch street and from the commercial bustle of the Leipziger Strasse was coined. Neither the square nor the church still exist today, instead the Lindenstrasse and Oranienstrasse and the meanwhile renamed Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse (formerly: Kochstrasse) and Axel-Springer-Strasse (formerly: Lindenstrasse ) meet at a busy intersection : the church was destroyed in the Second World War on February 3, 1945; its ruins were blown up and removed in March 1961. The southern section of Jerusalemer Straße between Kochstraße and Lindenstraße was de- dedicated in 1966, which meant that the street lost its Kreuzberg section and Kochstraße and Lindenstraße were connected with each other in a way that was car-friendly. Instead, a few years later, the Axel Springer high-rise was built on the resulting site immediately south of the wall erected in August 1961 between East and West Berlin . The plan of the church embedded in the pavement is reminiscent of the church today.
Since the southern section was deedicated, Jerusalemer Straße, which was largely destroyed during the Second World War, has been entirely in the Mitte district . The road was not only shortened in the 1960s, it was also partially swiveled. The sections between Schützenstrasse and Krausenstrasse and between Krausenstrasse and Leipziger Strasse were each relocated to the east, the first by about eight meters, the other by almost two hundred meters.
Jerusalemer Strasse in the newspaper district
The most famous building on the street is the Mossehaus (also colloquially: Mosse-Zentrum ) on the corner of Jerusalemer and Schützenstraße. The publisher Rudolf Mosse , who had published the liberal daily Berliner Tageblatt since 1871 , commissioned the architects Cremer & Wolffenstein to design a building that would house both the editorial office and the printing company. The architectural office, known for its representative architectural style, consisted of the Cologne Catholic Wilhelm Cremer (1882–1919) and the Berlin Jew Richard Wolffenstein (1846–1919).
In 1903, the Mosse-Verlag moved into the building, which was initially called Gutenberghaus, and, together with the Ullstein and Scherl publishers, was one of the key players in the Berlin newspaper district . The original rounded and tower-like raised corner of the house with the main entrance was severely damaged during the November Revolution of 1919. Rudolf Mosses successor Hans Lachmann-Mosse commissioned the architect Erich Mendelsohn , a representative of the emerging modernism, with the redesign . His design for the publishing house is still regarded today as a central signal of departure for modern Berlin office building architecture. By partially breaking open the sandstone facade and inserting a component that emphasizes the horizontal in the unchanged old building, Mendelsohn left the decorative, traditional architecture of Cremer & Wolffenstein behind him.
The Mossehaus is the only building on the street that survived World War II - at least in rudiments . The northern part of the building including the main entrance belonged to VEB Industriedruck in GDR times . After the political change , it was extensively restored and the part located directly on Jerusalemer Strasse was reconstructed. In a database of the Berlin Senate Department for Development and the Environment it says: "The replica, which was completed in 1995, is not architecturally convincing", but the Mossehaus, which is a listed building, is the only building that represents the former newspaper district. At the address Schützenstraße 18 resides here u. a. the Leibniz Center for Literary and Cultural Research .
Jerusalemer and Leipziger Strasse
From 1969 on, Leipziger Strasse was restructured in terms of urban development and social issues with eight lanes and a median as part of the redesign of the East Berlin city center between Spittelmarkt and Markgrafenstrasse . On the southern side of Leipziger Strasse, an ensemble of prefabricated panels was built between 1972 and 1982, consisting of four 23 to 25-storey residential high-rises arranged in pairs, with additional shops and public facilities at their feet. Due to the necessary relocation of the section between Krausenstrasse and Leipziger Strasse to the east, Jerusalemer Strasse has since passed the back of one of the towers of Leipziger Strasse. As a result, it is not only interrupted visually, but also in terms of traffic planning. This road construction policy measure significantly restricted the view from Hausvogteiplatz towards the wall and the Axel Springer high-rise. While other prefabricated buildings have since been torn down, the towers on Leipziger Strasse have become a sought-after residential area due to their unique view.
Due to the relocation of the sections between Krausenstrasse and Leipziger Strasse to the east, there is no longer the street corner where the legendary Tietz department store had stood since 1912. Its main entrance was on Leipziger Strasse, a side entrance on Jerusalemer Strasse. Opposite was Dönhoffplatz , the historical location of which was completely abandoned due to the redesign of Leipziger Strasse. In 1975 the square named after the Prussian Lieutenant General Alexander Graf von Dönhoff became an unnamed green area, since 2010 this has been called Marion-Gräfin-Dönhoff-Platz. Although there is no direct reference to the deceased editor of the time , a centuries-old family history is continued and the importance of the newspaper industry for this district is pointed out.
Killed border soldier
The overbuilding of the Jerusalemer by Leipziger Strasse is the most sustainable legacy of GDR housing policy. On the other hand, the memory of Reinhold Huhn , a 20-year-old border soldier who was shot on June 18, 1962 in Zimmerstrasse by the escape helper Rudolf Müller, has been erased. A little later a memorial was erected to him on Zimmerstrasse at the corner of Jerusalemer Strasse, and Schützenstrasse was renamed Reinhold-Huhn-Strasse . Like so many monuments in the GDR, the memorial only survived the fall of the Wall for a short time. In October 1994 it was dismantled and the memorial plaque donated to the Berliner Unterwelten e. V. handed over. By resolution of the Berlin Senate , the street was given its historic name back in December 1991. After several legal proceedings in West Berlin against the escape helper at the time, he received a mild sentence of one year on probation for manslaughter. A judgment by the Federal Court of Justice after German reunification found him even guilty of murder, but without any further consequences. On the part of the Berlin Senate, despite the once again confirmed judgment, neither the renaming of the streets was withdrawn, nor the plaque re-attached, and thus the memory erased.
Web links
- Jerusalem Street. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Leibniz Center for Literary and Cultural Research Berlin.
- Journal Trajekte at the Leibniz Center for Literary and Cultural Research
- The Gutenberghaus in Berlin, corner of Jerusalemer- and Schützenstraße . In: Blätter für Architektur und Kunsthandwerk , 1903, plate 6.
Individual evidence
- ^ Frauke Fitzner: Church, City, Music. On the history of the Jerusalem Church. In: Trajekte , No. 28, April 14, 2014. pp. 44–47.
- ^ Arno Bach: Old Berlin in the mirror of its churches . Berlin 1933, p. 26.
- ^ Frauke Fitzner: Church, City, Music. On the history of the Jerusalem Church. In: Trajekte , No. 28, April 14, 2014. pp. 44–47.
- ^ Arno Bach: Old Berlin in the mirror of its churches . Berlin 1933, p. 26.
- ^ Andreas Halen, Uwe Greve: From the Mosse publishing house to the Mosse center . Berlin 1999.
- ↑ Claude Haas: “Experience the past in the present”. The newspaper district - committed with Franz Hessel. In: Trajekte , No. 28, 14th year April 2014. pp. 15–19.
- ↑ stadtentwicklung.berlin.de
- ↑ Halina Hackert: Right in the center. Leipziger Strasse meets Springer's house. In: Trajekte , No. 28, April 14, 2014. pp. 53–58.
- ↑ See the article by Christine Brecht / Maria Nooke: Huhn, Reinhold, border soldier killed in service on chronik-der-mauer.de, a project of the Center for Contemporary History Potsdam, the Federal Agency for Civic Education and the Deutschlandradio .
- ↑ BVerfG of November 30, 2000 ( Memento of August 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive )