Jobst Scholten

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Jobst Scholten (also Jobst von Scholten , in contemporary writings often Jobst Schultz ; * 1644 in Amsterdam ; † November 7, 1721 ) was an engineer officer, fortress builder and commander in chief of the Danish army . He was the second and last Danish Governor General of Western Pomerania and Rügen .

Life

Jobst Scholten was the son of the master builder Heinrich Scholten, who immigrated to the Netherlands from the Westphalian county of Tecklenburg . He came to Denmark for the first time when he was 14 years old, probably around the fortress builder Henrik Ruse . Scholten had been trained as an engineer by Henrik Ruse in the Netherlands and Brandenburg .

In 1670 he became an ensign in an infantry regiment. At first he was in charge of fortress construction projects for his master in Holstein , and from 1672 as chief engineer he was responsible for the reconstruction of the fortress around the old town of Rendsburg. In 1672 he became a lieutenant and a year later a captain. In 1677 he became a major in a guard regiment, which he commanded as a lieutenant colonel during the last year and a half of the Skåne War . Here he took part in the siege of Wismar in 1675 and took part in the fighting in Skåne . After the Peace of Lund he was transferred back to Holstein.

1679 he was appointed colonel promoted and commander of Rendsburg and one there in garrison located battalion . In 1682 he commanded the Queen's body regiment in Glückstadt . From 1684 to 1685 he worked on the extension of the Neuwerk , the southern fortification of Rendsburg. In 1685 he became inspector of fortifications in the county and duchy of Holstein . In 1687 he was appointed brigadier . In 1690 he was promoted to major general and headed the expansion of the "Kronwerk" in northwest Rendsburg. Between 1686 and 1700, together with Andreas Fuchs , another student of Ruse, he was involved in the construction of field fortifications and siege systems during Denmark's military campaigns against Hamburg , Ratzeburg , Eiderstedt and Holstein. In 1695 he received the Dannebrog Order . After the Peace of Traventhal he was promoted to inspector of the infantry regiments in Holstein and Schleswig and in 1701 to lieutenant general.

During the War of the Spanish Succession , he made a name for himself as a brave and prudent squad leader and, above all, as an engineer officer in the battles near Höchstädt (1704) and Ramillies (1706) and several sieges.

After Reventlow's resignation in 1710, he became Commander-in-Chief of the Danish Army. In the course of the following year he initiated a reorganization of the armed forces, which had suffered significant losses in the past battles of the Great Northern War . In 1711 Danish troops marched into Swedish Pomerania . Although the conquest of Stralsund did not succeed, Jobst Scholten was awarded the Elephant Order by King Friedrich IV . In 1712 the fortress of Stade and with it the Swedish Bremen-Verden was captured , followed by the defeat in the battle of Gadebusch . The next few years brought successes again, such as the conquest of Tönning fortress , Swedish Pomerania and Wismars. Together with his king, Jobst Scholten went to Zealand in 1716 , where, with the support of Russian troops, a landing in Skåne was prepared.

After the death of Franz Joachim von Dewitz in 1719, Jobst Scholten became the second governor general of Western Pomerania north of the Peene and Rügen in the last two years of his life .

family

Jobst Scholten was married to Adelgunde Mechtilde Rømeling (* December 3, 1654, † February 13, 1714), a niece of his teacher Ruse, in his first marriage since 1675, and his second marriage to Charlotte Amalie von Plessen (* 1686; † 1740). His children include:

  • Henrik , Danish major general (November 3, 1677 - July 31, 1750) ∞ Louise von Brockdorff (1700 - November 11, 1744)
  • Svane (1673–1748) ∞ Georg Wilhelm Pretorius (1676–1702), Danish lieutenant colonel
  • Susanne Christine (* March 23, 1674; † 1736)
  • Charlotte Amalie (born May 15, 1673; † February 17, 1715) ∞ Bendix von Meyer († November 16, 1721), Danish major general envoy in Berlin
  • Christian (born August 30, 1686; † June 11, 1708) died at Oudenaarde
  • Johann Gerhard (born January 12, 1675; † 1710)
  • Jobst Conrad (born September 3, 1684; † 1745)
  • Ulrich (June 14, 1688; † 1758)
  • Friedrich (14 November 1682; † 1742)
  • Elisabeth (December 18, 1678 - January 2, 1697)

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Scholten, Jobst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schultz, Jobst; Scholten, Jobst from
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Engineer officer, commander of the Danish army, governor general of Western Pomerania and Rügen
DATE OF BIRTH 1644
PLACE OF BIRTH Amsterdam
DATE OF DEATH November 7, 1721