Johann Christian Jeremias Martini

Friedrich Overbeck : Portrait Martini (1809) in the Museum Behnhaus

Martinis parental home in Mengstrasse 1, Marienquartier (before 1908)

Johann Christian Jeremias Martini (born August 26, 1787 in Lübeck , † August 11, 1841 ibid) was a German physician and participant in the coalition wars in the medical service.

Life

The doctor Johann Christian Jeremias Martini was the first new member in 1817 after the founding of the Medical Association of Lübeck as member No. 13.

Even in 1931, Lübeck librarian Paul Hagen simply quoted Martini's curriculum vitae, which the Lübeck state archivist Carl Friedrich Wehrmann gave the art historian Hyacinth Holland as information on request in 1872 :

“Johann Christian Jeremias Martini, the son of a local surgeon from Silesia, was born here on August 26, 1787. Already in his early youth he showed a fondness for medical and natural sciences and at the age of 17 he moved to the collegium medio-chirurgicum in Berlin . After studying there for two years, in October 1806 he took part in the Prussian campaign as a volunteer in a flying Lazarethe. The misfortune which affected his hometown on November 6th caused him to return to his family, but he did not stay here long, but soon went to Warsaw , where he entered the service of the French army as a doctor. After taking part in the campaign in Poland and East Prussia until 1809, in Thorn an der war plague , in Marienburg an der Ruhr for a long time, he was here again for a short time and then went to Vienna , where he moved in on May 13, 1809 and up to The marriage of Emperor Napoleon as a junior physician in the general hospital remained. In 1809 he followed the 25th light infantry regiment to Spain, advanced to aide majeur and was an eyewitness and comrade in a long series of battles, marches, pursuits, retreats and sieges. As a result of the first restoration, he was released in Strasbourg in the spring of 1814 and came back here. His appealing personality and the participation in his fate earned him the patrons who gave him the means to further educate himself purely scientifically in Gottingen. The return of Napoleon interrupted the studies. He took part in the campaign of 1815 as senior physician of the Hanseatic Contingent , then went back to Göttingen and received his doctorate on April 1, 1817 and then settled here as a doctor. In this position he soon found widespread and extremely beneficial activity. Seldom have efficiency and kindness been united in one man in such a high degree. With a sure eye he recognized and healed diseases, he operated with a sure hand and ease, he devoted himself to his profession with seldom faithfulness, with the most friendly benevolence and kindness of heart he dealt with all personal relationships and was always ready to help in all directions, to support, to convey. His outward personality was also noble, engaging and trusting. Unfortunately, he did not have a long life. Until 1839 he was in full and solid health, but then he developed a chest disease, against which remedies would not help. His strength was paralyzed. He died on August 11, 1841. "

- Wehrmann : Letter to Hyacinth Holland dated August 10, 1872

Since 1831 he was the successor of Heinrich Wilhelm Danzmann as the city ​​physician responsible for the health system in Lübeck. Martini was buried under a tall obelisk under a stepped base in the Lübeck Burgtorfriedhof . The tomb is a registered cultural monument.

Paul Hagen only commented on the following about Wehrmann's curriculum vitae: The recommendation to join the French Army came from Charles de Villers , a Frenchman who lived in Lübeck and who went in and out of the house of the Lübeck Salonnière Dorothea Schlözer . Martini became an outstanding surgeon in Lübeck after 1817. In 1820 he was appointed city midwifery teacher by the Lübeck council and in 1831 at the same time city ​​physician . He was involved in the Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities as a member of the board of directors and gave numerous lectures there as an enthusiastic and enthusiastic speaker, from 1821 to 1839 alone 23, which are described in the literature as "cozy and funny".

From 1824 to 1831 he published an almost annual series of case descriptions as medicinal-surgical considerations in Johann Nepomuk Rust's magazine for the whole of medicine .

Entry of martinis in the Otto von Plessen register (1816)

During the rest of his time in Lübeck, Martini was portrayed again by Friedrich Carl Gröger around 1827 . This picture is also in the Behnhaus collection as a permanent loan from the Medical Association of Lübeck. But even in his (late) studies in Göttingen in 1816, Martini left his mark; In the record book of Otto von Plessen from Mecklenburg , which is kept by the Göttingen City Archives, his entry from May 5th can be found together with those of many other Lübeck and Mecklenburg members of the Corps Vandalia Göttingen . Also in 1816, but not until September 12th, he entered himself into the register of Adolph Goetze from Neustrelitz in Göttingen with the circle of the Corps Vandalia Göttingen ; this register is now in the Institute for University Studies . Also in the register of the Göttingen vandals and later mayor of Danzig Samuel Friedrich Schumann (1795–1877) he signed in October 1816 with the Göttingen vandal circle.

After Martini's death, the council decided to separate the offices of midwifery teacher and city physician again. He appointed William Henry Newman-Sherwood as a midwifery teacher and Johann August Hermann Heylandt as a city physician.

School friend of the painter Friedrich Overbeck

Friedrich Overbeck: "Entry of Christ into Jerusalem" 1808/24, lithograph by Otto Speckter  1831, Overbeck's close circle of friends on the right edge of the picture

The old school friendship with Friedrich Overbeck not only led to Overbeck's Martini portrait from the time they spent together in Vienna in 1809, which shows him as a military doctor of the 25th French light infantry regiment with Napoleon's crossing over the Bidasoa river in the background, but also as a friend Another Nazarenes of the Luke covenant for inclusion in Overbeck's main work "The Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem". There Martini was pictured in Friedrich Overbeck's circle of friends to the left of Overbeck and Franz Pforr ; The painting was placed in the Marienkirche in Lübeck and burned there during the air raid on Lübeck on Palm Sunday 1942 . A lithograph by Otto Speckter from 1831 still gives an idea of ​​this painting today. The correspondence between the two friends is in the Bavarian State Library preserves in Munich and Lübeck in six surviving letters martinis to Overbeck and Pforr and was founded in 1931 by the Lübeck librarian of the public library Paul Hagen in Lübeck Yearbook of the car published. The counterparts of the two letters to Martini have not survived.

Works

• Observationes de vulneribus inflictis in bello gesto inde from anno MDCCCX vsqve ad annvm MDCCCXIV. Göttingen: autumn 1817 (diss.)

literature

• Martini (Johann Christian) , in: Adolf Callisen : Medicinisches Writer Lexicon of the now living doctors, surgeons, obstetricians, pharmacists and naturalists of all educated peoples. Volume 12, Copenhagen 1832, pp. 274–276 (with list of publications)
• Theodor Eschenburg : The medical association of Lübeck during the first 100 years of its existence 1809-1909 , Wiesbaden 1909
• Paul Hagen : Johann Christian Jeremias Martini (1787 to 1841). with 3 illus., in: Der Wagen 1931, pp. 14–34, digital on Commons
• Friedrich von Rohden: From old Lübeck doctors in: Der Wagen 1960, p. 85/87
• Wulf Schadendorf : Museum Behnhaus. The house and its rooms. Painting, sculpture, handicrafts (= Lübeck museum catalogs 3). 2nd expanded and changed edition. Museum for Art a. Cultural history d. Hanseatic City, Lübeck 1976, Nos. 69 and 163
• Rüdiger Kurowski: Medical lectures in the Lübeck Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities 1789–1839: a patriotic society during the Enlightenment and Romanticism , Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1995
• Christine Loytved: Midwives and their teachers: turning points in training and office Lübeck midwives (1730–1850). Osnabrück: Rasch 2002 (Women's Health; Vol. 2), Zugl .: Osnabrück, Univ., Diss., 2001 ISBN 3-935326-76-9 , p. 224ff

Web links

Commons : Johann Christian Jeremias Martini  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Lübeck address book 1798: Martini, Christ. Erdm., Chirurgus, Mengstr. 1 Mar . (Note: Lübeck house number after counting 1796)
2. ^ Hartwig Beseler : Art-Topography Schleswig-Holstein . Neumünster 1974, p. 156.
3. ↑ Eschenburg (1909), p. 16; so probably also the Neue Lübeckische Blätter , 1841, p. 282.
4. ↑ Magazine for the whole of medicine 16 (1824), pp. 492-538; 19 (1825), pp. 399-460; 23 (1826), pp. 127-185; 27 (1828), pp. 395-452 (with a copper plate); 34 (1831), pp. 146–201 (with a copper plate)
5. ^ Peter Vignau-Wilberg: The painter Friedrich Carl Gröger. Neumünster: Wachholtz 1971 (Studies on Schleswig-Holstein Art History, Volume 11), p. 188 (No. 296).
6. ↑ Inv. No. 1915/33.
7. ↑ studbook entry Municipal Archives Göttingen, Signature: Stabu 237 (Bl 151r + v.) Girder: Martini, [Christian] (the Father). - Nation: Germany. - Origin: Lübeck. - Profession: stud. med. - Register: Göttingen 24263. Entry: Göttingen, 1816.05.05. - Language: German - Illustration: friendship motif (forget-me-not, cross, anchor and skull, ink). - Stammbuchkupfer Brednich no .: is missing from Brednich (Michael Angelo Buonaroti.)
8. ↑ Hans Peter Hümmer , Michaela Neubert : Searching for traces of the Jena and Göttingen Vandalia in the Stammbuch (1812-16) Adolph Goetze from Neustrelitz, in: Einst und Jetzt Volume 60 (2015), p. 67 ff. (P. 101)
9. ↑ Göttingen City Archives: Stabu No. 275, page 8r-v.
10. ↑ See Loytved (Lit.), p. 264
11. ^ Museum Behnhaus Inv. No. G 58; see also Johann Friedrich Overbeck (1789–1869). Paintings and drawings. Catalog of the exhibition in the Museum of Art and Cultural History of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, ed. by Andreas Blühm and Gerhard Gerkens , Lübeck 1989, pp. 110 and 111