Johann Nepomuk Rust

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Johann Nepomuk Rust

Johann Nepomuk Rust, from 1836 Knight of Rust (born April 5, 1775 at Johannisberg Castle in Jauernig , † October 9, 1840 at Gut Kleutsch near Frankenstein ) was an Austrian physician and surgeon.

Rust was a Prussian general surgeon , secret chief medical officer , president of the royal board of trustees for hospital affairs and head of the Charité . In his time he was considered the most respected German-speaking surgeon, his “Theoretical-Practical Handbook of Surgery, Including Syphilitic and Eye Diseases” as the most thorough and extensive work of this genre at that time.

biography

Rust was born in Austrian Silesia . At the age of 17 he broke off his predetermined military career after training at the Austrian engineering corps, first studied philosophy, then law in Vienna and then with a scholarship medicine in Vienna and from 1797 in Prague . In 1799 he acquired a master’s degree in obstetrics , and in 1800 a doctor’s degree in surgery was introduced there. This was followed by activities in Vienna, Paris , then as a professor in the lyceum to Olomouc and since 1803 as a full professor of surgery at the University of Krakow . In Cracow he founded the local surgical and clinical institute and a surgical museum. In 1808 he acquired the medical doctorate and in 1810 became "primary surgeon" (surgical chief physician) at the General Hospital in Vienna. On the basis of an offer made to him by the Prussian government at the Congress of Vienna , he joined the Prussian military in 1815. In 1816 he became the “first surgeon” in Berlin and head of the surgical-ophthalmological clinic at the Charité, associate professor at the medical-surgical military academy and published the “magazine for all medicine”. In 1817 he gave clinical lessons in ophthalmology for the first time at the Charité. In 1818 he received an extraordinary professorship from the Alma Mater Beroliniensis and in 1824 a full professorship. In the meantime, in 1821, he was appointed the secret chief medical officer in the Prussian Ministry of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs , and one year later he was promoted to general staff doctor of the army.

From 1823 he oversaw the “Critical Repertory for Medicine” and wrote the preface for the Instrumentarium chirurgicum by the Berlin doctor Julius Leo (1794–1855), published in 1824 . In 1829 he became president of the Board of Trustees created by him for hospital affairs, in 1834 the personal physician of Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (At that time Crown Prince) and in 1837 director of surgical and pharmaceutical studies at the meantime Friedrich-Wilhelms University vice baptized Berlin University. On December 21, 1836, King Ludwig I of Bavaria awarded him the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown , combined with the personal title of nobility of "Knight of" . Due to increasing poor eyesight, from 1838 he increasingly withdrew to his Silesian estate, where he died in 1840. Rust belonged to the Federation of Freemasons in the Great State Lodge of Germany .

The malum vertebrale suboccipitale , a tubercular disease of Atlas and Axis , is also named after him as Rust's disease .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Nepomuk Rust: Theoretical-practical handbook of Chirrugie with inclusion of the syphilitic and eye diseases in alphabetical order. With the participation of an association of physicians, edited by Dr. Joh. Nep. Rust etc. Berlin / Vienna 1830.
  2. ↑ Hans-Uwe Lammel: Rust, Johann Nepomuk. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1276.
  3. ^ Ophthalmology in Berlin ( Memento from July 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), Albrecht von Graefe Collection.
  4. ↑ August Hirsch : Biographical Lexicon of the Outstanding Doctors of All Times and Nations . (Ed. With E. Gurlt) 6 volumes, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig 1884 to 1888 (unchanged reprint Mansfield o. J .; 2nd edition, reviewed and supplemented by Wilhelm Haberling , Franz Hübotter and Hermann Vierordt. 5 volumes and Supplementary volume, Berlin and Vienna 1929–1935; unchanged edition Munich 1962). Volume 3, p. 743.
  5. ↑ Michael Stolberg. Johann Nepomuk Rust's "Theoretical-practical manual of surgery, including syphilitic and eye diseases"  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Harald Fischer Verlag.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.haraldfischerverlag.de  
  6. ^ Government Gazette for the Kingdom of Bavaria , No. 58, Munich, December 31, 1836
  7. ↑ from: Barbara Dettke. The Asiatic Hydra , 1995.
  8. ↑ Uta Motschmann (Ed.): Handbook of Berlin Associations and Societies 1786–1815 . de Gruyter, Berlin / Munich / Boston 2015, ISBN 978-3-05-006015-6 , p. 371 .
  9. ^ Rust Disease , Clinical Dictionary, 1927.
personal data
SURNAME Rust, Johann Nepomuk
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rust, Jan Nepomucen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian general surgeon and full professor at the Charité
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1775
PLACE OF BIRTH Johannisberg Castle in Jauernig
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1840
Place of death Good Klentsch, Frankenstein