Johann Daniel Gruber

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Half-length portrait of Johann Daniel Gruber, with reference to the Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis ;
Engraving by Nicolaus Seelaender , 1742

Johann Daniel Gruber (born April 11, 1686 in Ipsheim ; † March 24, 1748 in Hanover ) was a German librarian , lawyer and historiographer and abbot of Bursfelde Monastery . The Secret Justice Council earned services to the Royal Library of Hanover, a forerunner of today's Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library , and is considered a co-founder of the University of Göttingen .

Life

Johann Daniel Gruber was the son of the baker Johann Georg Gruber and his wife Kunigunda. The talented and docile Johann Daniel received one of the coveted scholarships for the “Fürstenschule”, a grammar school in the former Heilsbronn monastery . Following studied Gruber from 1704 at the University of Halle first theology , but then law and history. In Halle Gruber met his fellow student and friend Gerlach Adolph von Münchhausen ; the future minister was to play a decisive role in Gruber's career.

In 1710 Gruber received his Dr. phil. with teaching license and eleven years later in 1721 the Dr. jur.

In 1723 Gruber was appointed associate professor of law and philosophy at the University of Halle . Two years later he again became an associate professor of law at the University of Gießen and then moved to Celle in 1727 as the electoral Hanoverian court and chancellery .

In 1729 Johann Daniel Gruber was appointed electoral librarian and historiographer at the Royal Library in Hanover and earned merit as administrator of the library holdings as well as through his important and valuable acquisitions. At the site now also known as the “Royal Public Library”, Gruber further developed the “Catalogus perpetuus”, the world's first card catalog.

Minister Gerlach Adolph von Münchhausen found in Gruber an eager supporter of the founding of the university in Göttingen: Gruber was committed to the implementation of the basic ideas for the foundation. His plea is still often quoted today :

“… Göttingen is large and already quite built-up, and it can be done even better at low cost. The place itself is in a healthy, graceful area, and because it is far removed from the other capitals, it is the cheapest in the whole country, according to which quality the main dictionary is to be taken. "

Gruber was also committed to the implementation of the university facilities that were then increasingly expanded. He worked out the first plans and drafted the privileges that were eventually presented to his sovereign, King George II of Great Britain . Gruber was finally given the honor of "announcing the opening of the University of the Learned World."

In a letter to Johann Mathias Gesner (1691–1761), the former rector of the Thomas School in Leipzig and friend of Johann Sebastian Bach , Gruber wrote his expectations regarding the opening of the Göttingen “Georgia Augusta”:

“The English youth are very curious. It has been observed that, as the University of Wittenberg was founded, many of them went there out of curiosity , which Lutheri and Melanchthonis principia brought home with them. Various have also stayed in Halle. That is why Göttingen has all the more of the same hope since it was donated by its king. "

In 1732 Hofrath Gruber calculated that “around 100,000 thalers can be kept in the country if the children of the country study here, and that additional purchasing power will be brought into the country if the university becomes attractive to people outside the Electorate [Hanover] ... [Gruber calculated ] that sooner or later one can count on around 1,000 students who bring the Electorate an annual income of 200,000 thalers. "

In 1733 Johann Daniel Gruber became abbot of the Bursfelde monastery and was awarded the title of a secret judicial council .

Works (incomplete)

Own

  • Johann Samuel Friedrich von Böhmer , Diss. Iur. de actionibus mandatis ... , online via the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
  • Johann Daniel Gruber: Origines Livoniae sacrae et civilis s. chronicon Livonicum vetus , 1740
  • Johann Daniel Gruber: Description of the visitation popularized by His Royal Majesty on September 5, 1740 (1740). In: Ruppelt, Georg: "The benefit of an unread library ... cannot be questioned". 350 years of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library. Hanover 2015 , pp. 106–121.
  • Johann Daniel Gruber: Commercii epistolici Leibnitiani ad omne genus eriditionis , 2 parts, 1745
  • Johann Gottfried Leibniz, Johann Daniel Gruber, Christian Ludwig Scheidt: Origines Guelficae , part 1–5, 1750–1753
  • Johann Daniel Gruber: Time and history description of the city of Göttingen , first volume, Hanover Göttingen 1734

Derived

  • Johann Gottfried Arndt (Ed.): The Liefländische Chronik. First part. From Liefland under its first bishops, who explains the ancient history of the Russians, Germans, Swedes, Danes, Esthens, Livs, Latvians, Litthauer, Curen and Semgallians. Or the Origines Livoniae sacrae et civilis, like those of the royal. Councilor and librarian Mr. Johann Daniel Gruber edited from an old manuscript in Latin and provided with learned notes, but now supplemented from other manuscripts, accompanied by the necessary indication of the various readings as well as with short notes and translated into German by Johann Gottfried Arndt, the school zu Arensburg on Oesel Rector , Halle im Magdeburg, printed by Joh. Justinius Gebauer, 1747, dedicated to Tsarina Elisabeth the Great ; Digitized and full text in the German text archive , online via Google books

Research tasks

About the private life, in particular the youth of Johann Daniel Gruber, is as yet little explored . The "Markt Ipsheim", represented by the First Mayor Frank Müller , refers in this connection to the archives in Hanover and Göttingen.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Daniel Gruber  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Klaus Mlynek: GRUBER, Johann Daniel (see literature)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Eduard Bodemann: Gruber, Johann Daniel (see literature)
  3. ↑ compare Klaus Mlynek : BODEMANN, Eduard. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 60
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Werner P. Binder: Johann Daniel Gruber… (see web links)
  5. ↑ Note: The Hannoversche Biographische Lexikon and the Stadtlexikon Hannover name the year 1714 differently
  6. ↑ Peter Aufgebauer : Unique in Göttingen: Freedom of teaching and further training in the library / historian Prof. Dr. Peter Aufgebauer on the beginnings of the Georg August University - prestige and income for the Electorate of Hanover ( Memento from January 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), subpage of the University of Göttingen, last accessed on August 7, 2012
personal data
SURNAME Gruber, Johann Daniel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gruber, Johann D .; Gruber, Johannes D .; Gruber, Joannes D .; Gruberus, Ioannes D .; Gruber, Ioannes D .; Gruber, Johannes Daniel; Gruber, Joannes Daniel; Gruberus, Ioannes Danielus; Gruber, Ioannes Danielus; Gruber, Ioannes Daniel; Gruber, IO
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German librarian; Co-founder of the University of Göttingen
DATE OF BIRTH April 11, 1686
PLACE OF BIRTH Ipsheim
DATE OF DEATH March 24, 1748
Place of death Hanover