Johann Philipp Wagner (inventor)

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Johann Philipp Wagner

Johann Philipp Wagner (born January 24, 1799 in Fischbach (Bad Schwalbach) , Duchy of Nassau; † January 8, 1879 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German businessman , inventor and later civil servant.

Life

In 1815 he began his apprenticeship as an accountant in the iron business of the Bass brothers (-er, Bastert?) In Fahrgasse, where he worked as an accountant until 1840. The 1823 with the widow Winter, b. L'Allemand, established marriage, remained childless.

He was a member of the Physikalischer Verein and was a board member from 1833 to 1834, from 1835 to 1838, from 1839 to 1842, from 1844 to 1847 and from 1849 to 1852. He feared that small industry would disappear if a suitable motor was not designed for it. The steam engine was out of the question because it could not be reduced in size at will.

With the support of the mechanic Fritz Albert (son of Johann Valentin Albert ) he did physical experiments. Christian Ernst Neeff presented his electromagnetic power machine (rotary apparatus) to the public on May 1, 1836 at the annual celebration of the Senckenberg Society .

On February 25, 1837, he presented his electromagnetic hammer for automatically opening and closing a Volta chain, the Wagner hammer , to the Physikalischer Verein . Irrespective of this, Auguste Arthur de la Rive had also invented one. Neeff reported on it in 1836 in Poggendorffs Annalen, in 1838 at the natural scientist meeting in Freiburg and in 1840 at the natural scientist meeting in Erlangen. This was further developed by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1860 from a self-breaker to a tuning fork breaker.

In 1840 he took over the post of inspector for steam engines as well as the management of the industrial hall and eagerly continued his physical studies.

After four years of research, Wagner believed that he had reached a level "that a new driving force has now been gained for industry" and reported on this in the Frankfurter Gewerbefreund (3rd year, p. 353) in the article on electromagnetism as a driving force via an electric motor drive a lathe. The power of the magneto-electric interrupter was transferred to a gearwheel using a step mechanism.

In 1838 he had built a small electric car using the Daniell elements discovered in 1836 . Moritz Hermann von Jacobi, despite support from Russia, the Italian physicist Salvatore Dal Negro (1768–1839) and James William McGauley had the problems of using electromagnetism to drive (the spark on the commutator was destructive and the electromagnet quickly lost its effectiveness) , Wheatstone, Søren Hjorth and Hunt not yet resolved. (The battery and dynamo were not invented until 30 years later. In 1839 the regenerative Groove element was invented.)

In 1838/39 the first railroad lines were opened and the world was caught up in railroad fever. In 1840 Wagner ran his first "electric train" in his workshop, an electric car that, with a dead weight of 40 pounds, could pull another car loaded with 60 pounds for several hours with considerable speed.

Wagner gained national fame through the lecture by the later statistician Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden at the meeting of German naturalists in Erlangen in 1840 under the title Electromagnetism as a moving force , in which he reported on the electric car. He explained the advantages of electromagnetism over the steam engine, and claimed that "wherever lower motive forces are sufficient, electromagism will displace water vapor". Several members questioned the economic advantage. Georg Simon Ohm from Berlin, who had inspected Jacobi's apparatus, remarked "that the hopes that one would have cherished from it for the application of electromagnetism as a moving force had not been fulfilled".

At the same conference Rudolf Christian Böttger reported on another work by Wagner, entitled Generation of Tones Even in Non-Magnetic Metals by Interrupted Galvanic Currents .

On November 10, 1840 he was granted the privilege (patent) to build his electromagnetic rotating apparatus for 15 years. On January 15, 1841, at the gathering of tradespeople, he presented two rotating electromagnetic devices and a rotating magnetic electric motor with a counter for medical use. Since his privilege was only valid for the city of Frankfurt, at the request of the Physical Society, the city of Frankfurt submitted a request to the Federal Assembly that the states would also like to grant Wagner a patent for their areas. In his report of February 25, 1841 to the Federal Assembly, Wagner described the disadvantages of steam operation (smoke and steam) compared to clean electricity. He was then asked by a resolution of April 22, 1841 to prove that his electric drive mechanism was suitable for locomotives, and a remuneration of 100,000 guilders was promised. In a letter dated May 17, 1841, he asked Prince Karl Egon III. zu Fürstenberg for financial support and received up to 7,000 guilders two weeks later. For several months he worked together with the Bergrat and chief huts administrator Ferdinand Steinbeis in the princely workshops in Riesdorf near Stockach , but their hopes were not to be fulfilled. On June 13, 1844, the Federal Assembly decided that the conditions were not met. The commission appointed came to the conclusion that the operation of the Wagner engine was 12 times more expensive than the steam operation because of the expensive elements. The promised compensation of 6,000 guilders was not made due to disagreement between the states. Nevertheless, Wagner continued his attempts until 1866.

After lightning struck the institution for the deaf and dumb on June 20, 1846, he was concerned with the solution to the problem that imperfectly functioning lightning rods do no more harm than good.

In 1852 he married Rosa Trost for the second time. Their daughter died early.

He also dealt with heating devices and from 1857 provided the Weißfrauen-, Nikolai- and Peterskirche, the Naumann'sche and the Dondorf'sche printing works in Frankfurt and several Leipzig établissements with functional heating devices .

Publications

  • On the conditions of sheep breeding and the wool trade in the years 1840 and 1841, together with various treatises ; Theodor Theile, 1842
  • With W. Stricker: About the use of galvanism to test lightning rods ; Frankfurt Non-Profit Chronicle, 1846, No. 18

literature

swell

  1. ↑ http://forum.ahnenforschung.net/showthread.php?t=19479&page=2
  2. ^ Ralf Roth: Stadt und Bürgertum in Frankfurt am Main , p. 392
  3. ↑ http://www.archive.org/stream/amtlicherbericht18gese/amtlicherbericht18gese_djvu.txt
  4. ↑ Historical overview on the website of the Physikalischer Verein. Retrieved January 22, 2016 .
  5. ^ Friedrich von Weech:  Fürstenberg, Karl Egon (III.) Fürst zu . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 49, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 214-216. (or was it Karl Egon II  ?)
  6. ↑ electrosuisse.ch: Johann Philipp Wagner (PDF; 29 kB)
  7. ^ Rudolf Jung:  Stricker, Wilhelm . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 587 f.
personal data
SURNAME Wagner, Johann Philipp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Merchant, mechanic and later civil servant
DATE OF BIRTH January 24, 1799
PLACE OF BIRTH Fischbach (Bad Schwalbach)
DATE OF DEATH January 8, 1879
Place of death Frankfurt am Main