John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll
John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll KG , KT , GCMG , GCVO (born April 6, 1845 in Stafford House , London , † May 2, 1914 in Kent House , Cowes / Isle of Wight ) was a Scottish Aristocrat and Governor General of Canada .
Life
John was the eldest son of George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll (1823-1900) and his wife Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (1824-1888), the eldest daughter of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland and Lady Harriet Howard . As his father's apparent marriage , he had the courtesy title Earl of Campbell until 1847 and the courtesy title Marquess of Lorne from 1847 to 1900 .
He was placed in the care of an educator very early on. He received a comprehensive and excellent education, spoke several foreign languages and showed an interest in literature, history, science, philosophy and geography. He first visited the Eton College , then the University of St Andrews and later at Trinity College of Cambridge University . After his cavalier tour in Italy , he served as his father's private secretary in the India Office from 1868 to 1871 . At the same time, he was first elected to the House of Commons as a member of the Liberal Party in 1868 . He was a Member of Parliament from 1868 to 1878 for Argyllshire and from 1895 to 1900 for Manchester South .
On March 21, 1871, he married Princess Louise Caroline Alberta (1848-1939), the sixth child of Queen Victoria and her Prince Consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle . The marriage was controversial because it was the first marriage between a daughter of a British monarch and a British citizen, i.e. not a foreign prince from a ruling or mediated house, since 1515. The marriage remained childless.
From 1878 to 1883 he served as Governor General of Canada and from 1892 to 1914 he held the office of Governor General and Constable of Windsor Castle . When his father died, he inherited his title of nobility as Duke of Argyll , which gave him a seat in the House of Lords and retired from the House of Commons. As his father's successor, he was also Chief of Clan Campbell .
After returning from Canada, the couple grew apart and they often went their own way. One of the reasons for this was Campbell's political career, which stood in contrast to the neutrality of the royal family. There were also rumors of alleged homosexuality on his part. His wife had various romantic relationships during these years, including with her brother-in-law, Prince Heinrich Moritz von Battenberg , with Arthur Bigge , the royal private secretary, and with Sir Edwin Lutyens ; whether these were also of a sexual nature has not been proven.
John Campbell died on May 2, 1914 in Kent House in Cowes on the Isle of Wight of complications from pneumonia .
Awards, medals and decorations
- President of the Royal Geographical Society
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (GCMG, 1878)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO, 1901)
- Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter (KG, 1911)
- Knight Companion of the Thistle Order (KT, 1871)
- Chancellor of the Thistle Order
- Royal Victorian Chain
- Grand Cross of the Saint Olav Order (Norway)
- Black Eagle Order (Prussia)
literature
- KD Reynolds: Aristocratic Women and Political Society in Victorian Britain. The Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press, New York 1998, ISBN 0-19-820727-1 .
- Duncan Warrand, Lord Howard de Walden: The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom . Alan Sutton Publishing, Gloucester 2000.
- Peter W. Hammond: The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times. Alan Sutton Publishing, Gloucester 1998.
- Charles Mosley (Ed.): Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage . Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, Wilmington 2003.
Web links
- John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll . In: Dictionary of Canadian Biography . 24 volumes, 1966–2018. University of Toronto Press, Toronto ( English , French ).
- John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll on thepeerage.com
- Governor General of Canada (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Genealogy. Handbook of the nobility, Volume Fü II, p. 179.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| George Campbell |
Duke of Argyll 1900-1914 |
Niall Campbell |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Campbell, John, 9th Duke of Argyll |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Argyll, John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of; Campbell, John, Marquess of Lorne |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | British aristocrat and Governor General of Canada |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 6, 1845 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 2, 1914 |
| Place of death | Cowes , Isle of Wight |