John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury

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John Lubbock (photograph, between 1876 and 1880)

John Lubbock, 1st Baron of Avebury , PC FRS (born April 30, 1834 in London , England , † May 28, 1913 in Kingsgate Castle , Broadstairs ) was an eminent British anthropologist , paleontologist , botanist and entomologist .

Life

Lubbock had gone to school in Eton and succeeded his father in the titles and degrees of Baronet (of Lammas) at his death in 1865. He was a banker in London, his father had accepted him as a partner at the age of 22, and has made many improvements in banking. He was also a Liberal Member of Parliament for Maidstone from 1870 and parliamentary representative of the University of London from 1880 , where he previously served as Vice Chancellor. He is best known for his zoological, physiological and archaeological work. He was successively President of the Ethnological and Entomological Society, as well as the Anthropological Institute and Vice President of the British Association . He was also a corresponding member of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory . In 1858 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1910 a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris.

Researches

Charles Darwin's family moved to the neighborhood ( Down House ) as a child , they soon became close friends and he became interested in Darwin's ideas.

The terms Palaeolithic and Neolithic go back to him. He defined the Paleolithic as the epoch of cut stone, the Neolithic through the use of cut stone ( stone axes ). With his distinction between the finds from the glacial moraines (drift) and the Danish mussel heaps , he also anticipated the separation between the Paleolithic and the Mesolithic , which goes back to Hodder M. Westropp (1866). Together with the collector John Evans , he managed to acquire found objects from Hallstatt .

He also dealt with entomology (also as a paleontologist) and botany. For the Ray Society he wrote a monograph on springtails (Collembola) and shaggy tails (Thysanura).

In 1900, for his services as a politician and researcher, he was named Baron Avebury as a peer , having been admitted to the Privy Council ten years earlier . The Geological Society of London honored him in 1903 with the Prestwich Medal . John Lubbock, 3rd Baron Avebury was his grandson.

Writings and works

  • Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura . The Ray Society, London 1873 biodiversitylibrary.org .
  • Prehistoric times, as illustrated by ancient remains and the manners and customs of modern savages (1865, 4th edition 1878; Ger. Von Passow, Jena 1874, 2 volumes)
  • The origin of civilization and the primitive condition of man (1870, 4th edition 1881; Ger. Jena 1875)
  • On the origin and metamorphoses of insects (1874; German Jena 1876)
  • On British Wild flowers considered in relation to insects (1875; German Jena 1876)
  • Relations between plants and insects (1878)
  • Addresses, political and educational (1879)
  • Scientific lectures (1879)
  • Ants, bees and wasps (1882, 7th edition 1884; German Leipzig 1883)
  • Fifty years of science (1882)
  • Flowers, fruits and leaves (1886)
  • The pleasures of life (1887)
  • A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings. Popular ed.Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, London 1896.
  • On peace and happiness (Macmillan 1909)
  • State and city as entrepreneurs , Carl Heymanns Verlag, Berlin 1909.

literature

  • Horatio Gordon Hutchinson: Life of Sir John Lubbock, Lord Avebury. Macmillan, London 1914.
  • Avebury, John Lubbock, 1st Baron . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 3 : Austria - Bisectrix . London 1910, p. 51 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ List of members since 1666: letter A. Académie des sciences, accessed on October 3, 2019 (French).
predecessor Office successor
New title created Baron Avebury
1900-1913 		John Lubbock

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personal data
SURNAME Lubbock, John, 1st Baron Avebury
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Avebury, 1st Baron of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British anthropologist, entomologist and paleontologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 30, 1834
PLACE OF BIRTH London , England
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 1913
Place of death Kingsgate Castle, Broadstairs