Scabiosa green ram

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Scabiosa green ram
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Ram (Zygaenidae)
Subfamily : Green ram (Procridinae)
Genre : Jordanita
Type : Scabiosa green ram
Scientific name
Jordanita notata
( Zeller , 1847)

The Jordanita Notata ( jordanita notata ), also called rare Grünwidderchen called, is a butterfly from the family of burnet (Zygaenidae). The species was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1847, the type location is Syracuse in Sicily .

features

The moths have a pronounced geographic variability. Specimens from the south of Spain are very large and colored light green or sometimes golden green. Populations in the south of France produce small animals. In contrast, butterflies from the south and east of Turkey are very large, dark in color and densely scaled. Specimens from Crete are very small, green and translucent, and constant in size and color.

The moths reach a forewing length of 11.0 to 16.0 millimeters in the males and 7.5 to 10.5 millimeters in the females. The females are smaller and have more rounded wings. The head, thorax , legs and abdomen shimmer light green, golden green, yellowish green or bluish green, with the abdomen often being lighter in color than the head and thorax. The forehead ( frons ) is narrower than the width of the compound eyes . The feelers are very narrow and, especially distally, only combed briefly. They consist of 36 to 40 segments. The forewing upper sides shimmer light green, golden green, yellowish green or bluish green. The hind wings are light gray and slightly translucent . The undersides of the wings are gray.

In the males the uncus is long and slender, it has no appendage. The aedeagus is very slender and about eight to nine times longer than it is wide. It is provided with a needle-shaped cornutus. The 8th sternite of the abdomen is rectangular and reaches the posterior edge of the segment.

In females, the ostium is very small and circular. The ductus bursae is very long and slender and sclerotized proximally . It is translucent distally and has a pointed process in the first quarter. The corpus bursae is spherical.

The egg is yellowish green.

The caterpillars are very variable in their color. The head is black-brown, the breast segments are black-brown on the back. The body is gray-brown on the sides, the belly is yellowish gray. The back line is dark gray. The warts are reddish brown, the belly feet are blackish brown.

The pupa is reddish yellow, the cocoon is whitish.

Similar species

The scabiosa green ram is very variable, so that almost all the larger green rams of the Western Palearctic are outwardly similar.

Jordanita vartianae occurs sympatric with J. notata in southern and central Spain, the former species has a wider forehead, the antennae of the males are combed longer and the 8th abdominal sternite does not extend to the rear edge of the segment. The antennae of the females are strongly double serrated.

In most areas of Europe Jordanita globulariae occurs sympatric with the scabiosa green ram. The former has a wider forehead, the antennae of the males are combed longer, and the 8th abdominal sternite does not extend to the rear edge of the segment. The tips of the ventral valve processes are visible outside the last abdominal segment. In females, the asymmetrical ostium is visible ventrally when the end of the abdomen is no longer scaled.

Jordanita subsolana occurs in most areas of Europe, Turkey and Transcaucasia sympatric with the scabiosa green ram. The similar species is darker and less shimmery. She has a much wider forehead and smaller eyes. The antennae of the males are combed longer. The last abdominal sternite is wider and reaches the posterior edge of the 8th segment. The antennae of the females are strongly double serrated.

In Spain, Jordanita hispanica is very similar to the green ram of the scabies. The forehead of the similar species is only slightly wider and the antennae are combed very short. The 8th abdominal sternite is the same in both types. A clear differentiation is therefore only possible in terms of genital morphology.

Jordanita budensis occurs in central Spain, in the south of France, in Italy , Austria , Western Europe and Turkey together with the scabiosa green ram. The similar species has a much wider forehead and significantly shorter antennae with longer combs in the males, in the females the antennae are serrated. The wings are - with the exception of specimens in Turkey - more translucent and the 8th abdominal sternite in the males extends beyond the rear edge of the segment.

In Turkey, Jordanita hector , Jordanita volgensis , Jordanita paupera and Jordanita kurdica come together with the scabiosa green ram. Like J. notata, all similar species are externally so variable that a determination is only possible genitally morphologically .

distribution

The distribution area of ​​the scabiosa green ram extends from the Iberian Peninsula and Central Europe to the north of the Mediterranean (including Sicily and Crete ) to the Caucasus and Transcaucasia . In Central Europe, the distribution is patchy and extends in the north to the area around Berlin . There is also evidence of the middle reaches of the Elbe in Bohemia . The species is not represented in the British Isles . Dry grasslands or steppe biotopes are settled, in Central Europe also heathlands. In Baden-Württemberg the vertical distribution ranges from 470 to 720 meters, in the Caucasus the species was found on subalpine mats up to 2000 meters above sea level.

biology

The females lay the eggs one by one on the upper side of the leaves of free-standing plants. Under breeding conditions, the caterpillars hatch after about a week and, from the first caterpillar stage, mines in the parenchyma on the upper side of the leaves. When the mine has reached one and a half times the size of the caterpillar, a new one is created. The typical feeding pattern is a horseshoe-shaped mine in which the caterpillar eats its way over the tip of the leaf to the opposite side of the leaf center rib. The caterpillars hibernate in a gang mine from October. They pupate in the ground in a yellowish web. Before hatching, the pupa pierces the web and works its way to the surface. The abandoned doll's shell either largely protrudes from the floor or lies loosely. The moths fly in Spain from late March and in Central Europe until early July. The moths are weak fliers and suckle on the flowers of various knapweed - ( Centaurea ), ring thistle - ( Carduus ), widow flower - ( Knautia ) and species of scabies .

Hazard and protection

In Germany , the scabiosa green ram is classified in category 2 ("endangered") on the red list of endangered species .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Philipp Christoph Zeller: Comments on the butterfly species observed on a trip to Italy and Sicily . Isis 1847, 121-159, (3) 213-233, (4) 284-308, (6) 401-457, (7) 481-522, (8) 561-594, (9) 641-673, ( 10) 721-771, (11) 801-859, (12) 881-914.
  2. ↑ a b c d C. M. Naumann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3 , pp. 121 (English).
  3. ^ A b Günter Ebert: The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 3 . Moths I. Root borer (Hepialidae), wood borer (Cossidae), ram (Zygaenidae), snail moth (Limacodidae), sack bearer (Psychidae), window stain (Thyrididae) . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3472-1 , p. 168 .
  4. ^ Jordanita notata (ZELLER, 1847). Lepiforum e. V .: Determination aid of the Lepiforum for the butterfly species found in Germany, Austria and Switzerland., Accessed on March 28, 2011 .
  5. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 , p. 99 .

literature

  • CM Naumann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3 (English).
  • Günter Ebert: The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 3 . Moths I. Root borer (Hepialidae), wood borer (Cossidae), ram (Zygaenidae), snail moth (Limacodidae), sack bearer (Psychidae), window stain (Thyrididae) . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3472-1 .

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