José Sánchez-Guerra Martínez
José Sánchez-Guerra Martínez (born June 28, 1859 in Córdoba (Spain) , † January 26, 1935 in Madrid ) was a Spanish politician and Prime Minister of Spain ( Presidente del Gobierno ) .
biography
Journalist and MP
After studying law , he worked as a journalist and, as such, founded and published the newspaper "La Iberia" in 1885 . In 1888 he was also the founder of the newspaper "Revista de España" and finally in 1898 of "El Español" .
He began his political career on April 4, 1886, when he was first elected member of parliament ( Congreso de los Diputados ). There he was a member of the Liberal Party ( Partido Liberal ) founded by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta , with an interruption from September 1927 to June 1931 to November 19, 1933, mainly representatives of the constituency of Córdoba and, at times, of Madrid .
However, in 1902 he met with Antonio Maura of 1876 by Antonio Canovas del Castillo founded Liberal Conservative Party ( Partido Liberal Conservador ) in and was now on their representatives in the Congress of Deputies.
minister
In July 1903 he became governor of the Bank of Spain ( Banco de España ) for the first time and held this office until his resignation in early December 1903. Subsequently, on December 5, 1903, Maura Montaner appointed him as Minister of the Interior ( Ministro de Gobernación ), also in his first government, after he had previously been acting Colonial Minister ( Ministro de Ultramar ) for 17 days in August 1893 while the incumbent was absent. The cabinet of Maura Montaner belonged until December 5, 1904.
From January 1907 to September 1908 he was again governor of the Bank of Spain, before Maura appointed him Minister of Development ( Ministro de Fomento ) in his second cabinet on September 14, 1908 as part of a government reshuffle. As such, he was in office until the end of Maura's term on October 21, 1909.
In the cabinet of Eduardo Dato Iradier he was interior minister from October 27, 1913 to December 9, 1915 and from June 11 to November 3, 1917 during the First World War .
Parliament and Prime Minister
After the First World War he was President of the Congress of Deputies for the first time from July 28, 1919 to October 2, 1920. On January 5, 1921, he was first acting President and then again President of Parliament from February 22, 1921 to March 14, 1922.
As Maura's successor, he finally became Prime Minister of Spain ( Presidente del Gobierno ) on March 8, 1922, exactly one year after the assassination of Dato Iradier, and formed a government that remained in office until December 7, 1922, in which he was from July 15 to at the end of his term of office also took over the office of incumbent war minister ( Ministro de Guerra ).
His government included supporters of Maura and conservatives as well as representatives of the Catalan League ( Lliga Catalana ). During his tenure, he tried to end the unrest in Barcelona by dismissing civil governor Severiano Martínez Anido, who previously ruled through a policy of repression of anarchists and the preference for armed civil units (pistolerismo), thus contributing to a conflict in social peace . Ultimately, however, the discussion about the investigation into the Battle of Annual , the so-called Desastre de Annual , by the Picasso files named after the investigating officer, Major General Juan Picasso González, led to the resignation of his government.
During the military dictatorship , which lasted between September 1923 and January 1930 , he was one of the leading opposition politicians and had to go into exile in France in 1927 because of his decisive criticism of dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera and was therefore unable to stand for the parliamentary election on September 12, 1927. On his return to Spain on January 29, 1929, he led a completely unsuccessful military revolt against the dictator in Valencia . After his subsequent attempt to escape failed, he was arrested and only pardoned by court order in November 1927. Nonetheless, his outstanding attitude towards adherence to the constitutional values led to the loss of prestige of the dictator Primo de Rivera, but also of the monarchy , which made the emergence of the dictator possible.
Despite his critical attitude towards King Alfonso XIII. After the resignation of the government of Dámaso Berenguer Fusté on February 18, 1931, he accepted the royal mandate to form a government and held talks with the Republican Committee ( Comité Republicano ) in the prison of Madrid ( Cárcel Modelo de Madrid ). Due to his bad health, however, he gave back the order to form a government, so that the last government under the rule of King Alfonso XIII. was formed on February 18, 1931 by Juan Bautista Aznar Cabañas .
In the parliamentary elections on June 28, 1931, he was elected for the last time as a representative of the Conservative parliamentary group to the deputy congress until November 19, 1933, but largely withdrew from political life.
Honorary Positions, Publications, and Family
For his services, he became a member of the Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas on April 12, 1921 as the successor to the murdered Dato Iradier , where he occupied the armchair ( Sillón ) 2 until his death , on which he previously sat next to Dato Iradier with Lorenzo Arrazola García and Antonio Cánovas del Castillo already had two other prime ministers. He gave his inaugural address to the Academy on June 3, 1923 on "La crisis del régimen parlamentario en España: La opinión y los partidos" (The crisis of the parliamentary system in Spain: The opinions and the parties).
In addition to his journalistic articles, he published the Minfest "Al servicio de España. Un manifiesto y un discurso" in 1930.
His son Rafael Sánchez Guerra (1897–1964) was not only a member of the Congress of Deputies from April 1923 to September 1927, but also President of Real Madrid during the civil war from 1935 to 1939 .
swell
Web links
- Biography on the homepage of the Spanish Prime Ministers ( Memento of October 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Spanish)
- The cabinets during the reign of Maria Christina of Austria (1885-1902 - La Restauració)
- The governments during the reign of Alfonso XIII. (1902-1931)
- Payne, Stanley G .: "A History of Spain and Portugal (Vol. 2) - Chapter 24: Climax and Collapse of Spanish Liberalism, 1899-1931"
- Boyd, Carolyn P .: "Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain - CHAPTER THREE: The Juntas de Defensa"
- Newspaper article about José Sánchez-Guerra Martínez in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of Members of Parliament from 1810 to 1977
- ^ Governors of the Bank of Spain
- ↑ List of Colonial Ministers ( Memento of December 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Presidents of Congress and the Senate
- ↑ Members of the Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas - Armchair 2 ( Memento from September 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Speeches at the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences ( Memento of December 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Documentos, de Fernando Díaz-Plaja ( Spanish ) segundarepublica.com. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Antonio Maura Montaner |
Prime Minister of Spain 1922 |
Manuel García Prieto |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sánchez-Guerra Martínez, José |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sánchez Guerra, José |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prime Minister of Spain |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 28, 1859 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Cordoba (Spain) |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 26, 1935 |
| Place of death | Madrid |