Antonio Maura Montaner
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Antoni ( Catalan ) or Antonio Maura y Montaner (born May 2, 1853 in Palma , † December 13, 1925 in Torrelodones ( Madrid )) was a Spanish politician and Prime Minister of Spain ( Presidente del Gobierno ) .
biography
Studies, MP and Minister
After the death of his father in 1866, he attended the Instituto de Palma de Mallorca, from which he graduated in 1868 with a university entrance qualification ( Bachillerato ). He then completed a law degree in Madrid and then worked as a lawyer.
His political career began on August 21, 1881 when he was elected member of the Partido Liberal Fusionista, founded only a year earlier by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta , for the first time as a member of parliament ( Congreso de los Diputados ), in which he was subsequently elected until his death Constituency of the Balearic Islands . In 1886 he was Vice President of Parliament for some time before he became chairman of a commission for the establishment of jury courts the following year.
On December 11, 1892, he was appointed as Minister of Colonial Affairs ( Ministro de Ultramar ) for the first time to be a member of the cabinet and in this office he belonged to the government of Práxedes Mateo Sagasta until March 12, 1894. During his tenure, he submitted a draft for legal independence from Cuba , which was rejected by the opposition in the Chamber of Deputies. In the Sagasta government he was later from November 4, 1894 to March 23, 1895 Minister for Appeals for Mercy and Justice ( Ministro de Gracia y Justicia ).
In 1901, however, he formed an internal party opposition to Sagasta, which ultimately led to a final break with Sagasta the following year. On December 6, 1902 he was appointed Minister of the Interior ( Ministro de Gobernación ) in the government of the chairman of the Conservative Party ( Partido Conservador ), Francisco Silvela Le vielleuze . During his term of office, which lasted until July 20, 1903, he campaigned for the establishment of the Institute for Social Reforms. At the same time, he submitted a fundamental reform of local law to Parliament ( Cortes ), which he put into practice with the election of April 1903. However, he did not take action against the election manipulation in the rural constituencies, as the Republican candidates won in the big cities anyway .
After Silvela resigned in July 1903, he succeeded him as chairman of the Conservative Party. As such, he was the key figure in Spanish politics for the next twenty years.
Five times Prime Minister under King Alfonso XIII.
On December 5, 1903, he was appointed Prime Minister of Spain ( Presidente del Gobierno ) for the first time as the successor to Raimundo Fernández Villaverde . As such, he formed a government that remained in office until December 16, 1904, which essentially achieved the recognition of Spanish legal claims in Morocco by France and England . On the other hand, he succeeded because of the interference of King Alfonso XIII. not the continuation of its reform policy.
For the second time he became Prime Minister on January 25, 1907 and was as such successor to Antonio Aguilar Correa until October 21, 1909 . During this time, he and his Minister of the Navy, José Ferrándiz y Niño, negotiated the Cartagena Agreement (1907) with Great Britain and France, and Maura was Minister of War ( Ministro de Guerra ) for a few days from June to July 1907 while the incumbent fell ill. First he began with a new edition of his electoral law reforms as well as a reorganization of the social system and welfare. Most recently, however, his term of office was dominated by the events of the so-called Tragic Weeks ( Semana trágica ) , a series of bloody confrontations between the working class of Barcelona, supported by anarchists and radical republicans, and other Catalan cities, and the Spanish army deployed between the 25th and 25th centuries due to the imposed martial law . July and August 2, 1909. It was triggered by 40,000 drafting orders to reservists , which he intended to issue on July 9 to reinforce the Spanish colonial troops in Morocco. These events, the campaign against him ( Maura No ) and the execution of the leader of this campaign, the liberal educator Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia , ultimately led to the resignation of his cabinet.
Only in 1913 did he take on a leading role again, when he became chairman of the so-called Maura faction after the split in the Conservative Party. During the First World War he actively campaigned for Spain's neutrality and demanded this in particular during his important speeches in the Teatro Real in 1915 and in the Plaza de Toros in 1917. On April 29, 1917, a medal was issued in his honor.
On March 22, 1918 he was again Prime Minister and formed a coalition government that was in office until November 9, 1918. During this time he was also acting Minister for Grace and Justice between October 10th and the end of his term of office. A few months later he became Prime Minister again on April 15, 1919, but had to hand over the office to Joaquín Sánchez de Toca Calvo on July 20, 1919 after just under three months in office .
Maura Montoner was after the disaster ( Desastre de Annual ) resulting from the Battle of Annual in Spanish Morocco on July 22, 1921, from August 14, 1921 to March 8, 1922 for the last time Prime Minister.
In September 1923 he protested to King Alfonso XIII without success. against the appointment of Miguel Primo de Rivera as Prime Minister, who from September 15, 1923 to January 30, 1930 established a military dictatorship in Spain that lasted over six years . After the appointment of Primo de Rivera, he largely withdrew from politics.
family
Maura Montaner was head of an influential political family. His sons Gabriel Maura Gamazo and Miguel Maura Gamazo were both ministers. The Spanish communist and feminist Constancia de la Mora Maura was his granddaughter. His grandson Jorge Semprún Maura is not only one of the most famous writers in Spain, but was also Minister of Culture for three years in the government of Felipe González . In addition, the actress Carmen Maura is his great niece.
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Web links
- Biography on the homepage of the Spanish Prime Ministers ( Memento of October 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Spanish)
- The cabinets during the reign of Maria Christina of Austria (1885-1902 - La Restauració)
- The governments during the reign of Alfonso XIII. (1902-1931)
- Newspaper article about Antonio Maura Montaner in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of Members of Parliament from 1810 to 1977
- ^ "Antonio Maura y Montaner" , in: Historia de España
- ^ Medal in honor of Antonio Maura y Montaner
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Maura Montaner, Antonio |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Antonio Maura y Montaner; Antoni Maura |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Spanish politician and prime minister |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 2, 1853 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Palma |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 13, 1925 |
| Place of death | Torrelodones ( Madrid ) |