Jose E. Romero

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Jose E. Romero (* 3. March 1897 in Bais , Negros Oriental , † after 1979) was a Filipino politician of the Nacionalista Party , among others, from 1931 to 1935 a member of the Philippine Legislature and 1935-1941 member of the Commonwealth Congress was . In 1946 he was elected a member of the Senate , but lost this mandate after an election protest by Prospero Sanidad . He was later Ambassador to the United Kingdom and Minister for Education, Culture and Sport from 1959 to 1961 during the tenure of President Carlos P. Garcia .

Life

Lawyer and MP

Romero, son of Francisco Romero and Josefa Munoz, began an undergraduate degree after attending public schools in Tanjay , which he completed in 1917 with an Associate of Arts (AA). A subsequent study of law at the Silliman Institute in Clinton and the University of the Philippines he completed in 1922 with a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.). After his admission to the Philippine Bar Association on November 6, 1922, he took up a position as a lawyer .

1931 Romero was chosen for the Nacionalista Party (NP) as a member of the Philippine Legislature and represented in this in the 9th and 10th  legislative period to 1935 the constituency Negros Oriental 2nd District . Between 1934 and 1935 he was one of the delegates of the constitutional convention that drafted the constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines . After the introduction of a unicameral system in the Commonwealth of the Philippines, founded in 1935, he was elected a member of the Commonwealth Congress (National Assembly) in 1935 and, after his re-elections on November 8, 1938 and November 11, 1941, also represented the constituency of Negros Oriental 2nd District .

During his membership in parliament Romero acted from 1934 to 1941 as chairman of the majority parliamentary group ( Majority Floor Leader ). In this capacity, after the start of the Second World War in Europe in September 1939 , he spoke out in favor of early independence of the Philippines from the USA , which was only planned for 1946. However, he received no restraint even in his own party, so that in the vote held in Congress, 53 MPs were against and only six were in favor of early independence. One reason for the defeat was that the previous US High Commissioner in the Philippines, Paul McNutt , who was a possible supporter of early independence, was dismissed from his office and replaced by Francis Bowes Sayre, Sr. , who again had no interest in resuming the office Independence discussion showed.

However, since the parliament no longer met after the beginning of the occupation of the Philippines by the Japanese Empire at the Battle of the Philippines after December 8, 1941, it belonged to the parliament de facto until the first elections after the end of the Second World War on 23. April 1946. After the end of the war, he was interrogated about possible cooperation with the Japanese occupation forces. Due to his work as an agent of the Allied Intelligence Bureau (AIB) in the Southwest Pacific, however, he was relieved.

Senator, Ambassador and Minister of Education

In the Senate elections on April 23, 1946, 16 of the 24 Senate seats had to be re-elected. In these elections, Romero finished 15th out of 57 candidates with 563,816 votes (21.9 percent) and was actually elected in the second Senate group for a three-year term until the elections on November 8, 1949. However, the Prospero Sanidad , who stood for the Liberal Party that had emerged from the liberal wing of the Nacionalista Party, protested the election result. With 556,772 percent (21.7 percent), he came 17th and was the next candidate for the Liberal Party after his party friend Salipada K. Pendatun, who was elected 16th . Sanidads election protest was ultimately successful, so that Romero lost his mandate again.

On September 6, 1949, Romero was appointed envoy to the United Kingdom by President Elpidio Quirino . In June 1950 he also received his accreditation as ambassador to Norway , Sweden and Denmark . He held the post of envoy in the United Kingdom until October 13, 1954. His successor was then León María Guerrero III , who later became known for the translation of José Rizal's works Noli me tangere and El Filibusterismo .

As the successor to Manuel Lim , Romero was appointed Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports by President Carlos P. Garcia on May 18, 1959 in the course of a cabinet reshuffle . At the same time, Alejo Santos was appointed as the successor to Jesus M. Vargas as the new Minister for National Defense and Alejo Mabanag as the successor to Enrique Fernandez as the new Minister of Justice for the upcoming cabinet reshuffle. He held the post of Minister for Education, Culture and Sport until he was replaced by Jose Tuason on September 4, 1961.

As Minister of Education, he issued the Ministerial Decree on August 13, 1959, introducing Filipino as the national language in the Philippines.

After completing his ministerial duties, Romero applied in the elections of November 14, 1961 for one of the eight seats to be allocated in the Senate. With 973,612 votes (14.4 percent), however, he was only 17th among the 22 candidates and thus clearly missed the Senate.

In 1965, Romero, along with Salvador Araneta , Pio Pedrosa , Conrado Benitez , José Aruego , Sotero Laurel , Felixberto M. Serrano and Roman Ozaeta, filed a complaint against Law 3836 ( Republic Act No. 3836 ) for the Philippine Constitutional Association with the Supreme Court among other things contained retirement regulations for former senators and members of parliament. In 1970 he ran in Negros Oriental as a delegate for the Constitutional Convention .

Romero was married to Eliza Villanueva. The film director and screenwriter Eddie Romero came from a marriage with the teacher Pilar Cinco, who directed almost 60 films and wrote the script for more than 40 films .

publication

  • Not So Long Ago: a Chronicle of My Life, Times, and Contemporaries , Autobiography, Alemar-Phoenix Publishing House, 1979

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry in Chan Robles - Virtual Law Library
  2. ↑ Dean J. Kotlowski: Paul V. McNutt and the Age of FDR , S. 224 f, Publisher Indiana University Press, 2015. ISBN 0-25301-473-5
  3. ↑ Veronico "Ron" Somera: Brown American: Philippine Life, World War II and Survival in a White Man's World , p. 36 f., Xlibris Corporation, 2009, ISBN 1-45000-716-3
  4. ↑ GR No. L-543, August 31, 1946 - Supreme Court ruling of the Philippines
  5. ↑ Official Month in Review: September 1949 ( Official Gazette of the Government of the Philippines)
  6. ↑ Official Month in Review: June 1950 ( Official Gazette of the Government of the Philippines)
  7. ↑ London Gazette . No. 40304, HMSO, London, October 19, 1954, p. 5913 ( PDF , accessed April 23, 2016, English).
  8. ↑ Official Week in Review: May 17 - May 23, 1959 . In: Official Gazette of May 25, 1959
  9. ↑ THE TENTH MILESTONE. A DECADE OF PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN COOPERATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES 1952-1962 , S. IV
  10. ↑ Who among the 15 presidents of the Philippines so far had served as Secretary of Education? ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the MoneyPolitics blog on the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) homepage  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / moneypolitics.pcij.org
  11. ^ Virgilio S. Almario: A Question of National Language: What Language Should the Filipino Speak? . In: Filway's Philippine Almanac , 1996, pp. 344-345
  12. ↑ LANGUAGE MATTERS. Who killed Tagalog? A different whodunit . In: Philippine Daily Inquirer, August 19, 2014
  13. ↑ GR No. L-23326, December 18, 1965 (decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines)
  14. ↑ Lope Lindio: Father & Son: OVERLAPPING ORDINARY LIVES ON THE SIDELINES OF EXTRA-ORDINARY TIMES 20TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES , Xlibris Corporation, 2015, ISBN 1-50354-467-2
  15. ↑ Eddie Romero in the Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
personal data
SURNAME Romero, Jose E.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Filipino lawyer, diplomat and politician
DATE OF BIRTH March 3, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Bais , Negros Oriental
DATE OF DEATH after 1979