Joseph Stephan Kauser

Joseph Stephan Kauser , also Joseph Etienne Kauser , (born December 22, 1830 in Pest , † April 1, 1905 in New Orleans ) was a Hungarian-American architect and civil engineer .

Life

The history of the Kauser family can be traced back to the middle of the 17th century using documents. At that time the Kauser lived in Hungary. From the end of the 18th century the family produced numerous stonemasons and architects, including Joseph Kauser (born 1848 in (Buda-) Pest; died 1919 in Budapest), who completed the construction of St. Stephen's Basilica in Budapest in 1905.

The biographically most interesting member of this family is Joseph Stephan (Etienne) Kauser, who is also an architect and civil engineer. He was born on December 22nd, 1830 in Pest (today Budapest), son of Joseph Kauser and Katharina Tonner. In 1848/1849 he took part in the Hungarian Revolution : as a lieutenant in the artillery in the Legion of the University of Pest . After the defeat of Hungary, the Pest University Legion was transferred to the Imperial and Royal Army as the 90th Honved Battalion , its soldiers were obliged to do military service, and several soldiers (especially officers) were imprisoned or executed.

JE Kauser therefore fled abroad and got a false passport in Hamburg . Persecuted by informers from the Austrian government, he was picked up in Bavaria and his false passport confiscated. He was supposed to be deported from Munich to Salzburg and handed over to the Austrians. Again he managed to escape: via Zurich to Paris . From 1850 to 1854 he studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts (Paris) architecture and worked as an architect in Paris. In 1855 he was asked to return to Budapest by an edict of the Habsburg government published in various Hungarian and Austrian magazines to justify his departure. Otherwise, he was threatened with the strictest legal consequences. Instead of obeying the request, Joseph Etienne Kauser took the steamboat “Atlantic” in Liverpool in January 1857 and emigrated to America. On January 24, 1857, the ship reached New York;

On February 16, 1857, he applied to the Supreme Court of New York City for his naturalization. On January 5, 1859, he married Emelia Friederichs in Franklin, Ohio . He worked as an architect in the states of Ohio and New York. On October 10, 1860, he acquired American citizenship, applied for a passport on the same day and returned to Europe with his wife in 1860 to join Garibaldi's troops as a first lieutenant in the "international legion" in Italy . The 500 Hungarians who belonged to this legion were led by Colonel István Türr . Kauser stayed with this legion until 1864/1865.

He then came to Hungary as an American citizen and worked as an architect in Budapest. In the following years he was under constant observation by Austrian informers, who informed him about every step he took, his trips to Italy, France and the like. a., his acquaintances, lifestyle and professional activities reported to Vienna . Probably through the mediation of István Türr (meanwhile promoted to general by Garibaldi) Etienne Kauser became American consul in Budapest (1869–1874). The further fate of his first wife (Emelia Friedrichs) is not known. On May 16, 1870, he married a second time in Košice : Berta Gerster , a celebrated soprano who was revered by Franz Liszt . Daughter Alice Berta was born on November 21, 1871 in Budapest, and his son George Washington on August 27, 1873. From 1871 he designed several houses in Budapest; The most interesting of these is probably his plan to build a workers' settlement , based on the American model, near the Ostbahnhof "Hundred Houses" ("szàz hàz") . Together with István Türr and Béla Gerster, his brother-in-law, Etienne Kauser worked on the planning and construction of the Kaiser-Franz Canal / Ferenc-csatorna (in Hungary) and later on the planning and construction of the Corinth Canal (Greece). In 1883/1884 Etienne Kauser left Hungary for good and went with his family to Paris, where their son Benjamin Franklin was born on April 7, 1885. Two weeks later, on April 23, 1885, Berta Gerster died.

In 1888 Etienne Kauser returned to America for good with his three children and settled in the port city of Pensacola (Florida) . In 1893 he published a land map of East Pensacola, which is still referred to today (2015) when purchasing land. In the same year, on February 14th, his invention of an underwater dredging apparatus was patented. He found employment as a dredging inspector and overseer in the port of Pensacola (1893), Warrington / Pensacola (1897) and Fort McRee / Pensacola (1899). In 1901 he acquired an 80 acres (approx. 32,000 m²) plot of land, which at that time was still undeveloped in the north of Pensacola and - as a public domain - was intended for building homes for new settlers. It can be assumed that Etienne Kauser had the intention to realize his old plan of a workers' settlement on this property. In 1905 Etienne Kauser died in New Orleans . Since when, why and how long he was there is not known.

The children of Etienne Kauser gradually left their father's house in Pensacola. Alice Kauser went to New York and became a famous theater and literary agent there. In 1910 she stopped working as her father's estate administrator in Pensacola. She remained unmarried. Benjamin Kauser, initially a lawyer, followed his sister to New York, became an actor and theater director on Broadway. He was married twice; both marriages remained childless. George Kauser, an engineer, also worked for his sister in New York for some time, but ended up working as a real estate agent in Chicago. In 1906 he married Elsie Buchan. His descendants now live in the United States of America.

Services

• Participation in the planning and construction of the state-house in Erie / Philadelphia.
• Participation in the planning and construction of the Kaiser-Franz Canal (Ferenc csatorna) in Hungary.
• Participation in the planning and construction of the Corinth Canal, Greece.

Works

• Mémoire à l'appui d'un projet soumis à M. Le général Türr, traitant de la fondation d'une colonie agricole aux Etats-Unis sur certains terrains devant être exploités au préalable pour leurs richesses forrestieres, par J.-E. Kauser (Imprimerie des apprentis orphelins, Paris 1888).

Footnotes

1. ^ Hungarian State Archives (Budapest): Church registers, council minutes, tax lists, etc. a.
2. ↑ There are some publications on the Kauser family, including even in architecture journals, all of which repeat the same unsubstantiated, demonstrably false claims. According to this, the Kauser would have come from Andolsheim in Alsace, had already been involved in the construction of the Strasbourg cathedral and emigrated to Hungary at the end of the 18th century. But the name Kauser cannot be found in the Protestant or Catholic church registers of Andolsheim. The Kauser had lived in Hungary (Győr) since the middle of the 17th century, and the early Kauser were neither stonemasons nor architects. Agidius Franziskus Kauser (born 1703 in Győr; died 1748 in Pest) and his son Paul (born 1742 in Pest; died 1818 in Pest) were master furriers . Only Joseph Kauser (born in Pest in 1787; died in Pest in 1841), son of Paul Kauser, was a master stonemason. With his sons Johannes (born in Pest in 1817; died in Pest in 1871), Leopold (born in Pest in 1818; died in Budapest in 1877), Joseph Stephan (born in Pest in 1830; died in New Orleans in 1905) and Jakob (born in Pest in 1833 ; Died in Budapest in 1893) the era of the Kauser architects began. Evidence for this can be found in the Catholic church registers of Győr and Pest / Budapest, which can be viewed in the Hungarian State Archives in Budapest (Magyar orszagos leveltar: anyakönyvek).
3. ^ Hungarian State Archives (Budapest): anyakönyvek: (Catholic church books): Budapest, Theresienstadt (Terezvaros).
4. ↑ ^{a b} Tibor Acs: A tudományegyetem hadi tanfolyama és a pesti Egyetemi Legio 1848–1849; hadtörténelmi közlemények 2000/3; 501-537.
5. ^ Austrian Foreign Ministry , Information Office 1848–1867, Files A3386 and A3481.
6. ^ First as an aspirant, then - from 1852 - as Élève. David de Penanrum: Les architectes élèves de l'école des beaux arts 1793–1907 , Paris 1907 ( online , matriculation number 1654); Ecole nationale et spéciale des beaux arts , No 5842 du Registre Matricule.
7. ^ Wiener Zeitung of October 14, 1855, p. 28: Ediktal summons.
8. ↑ That's what he called himself since his years in Paris.
9. ↑ www: Familysearch.org/search/collection/1849782: New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1891; Film 170 (January 2, 1857 - February 10, 1857), recording 174. Accessed November 26, 2015.
10. ↑ www: Ancestry.com: New York, Petitions for Naturalization, 1794–1906: Joseph Etienne Kauser, 1857, City New York. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
11. ↑ www: Familysearch.org/search/collection/1614804: Ohio, County Marriages, 1789–2013, Franklin, Marriage index and records 1857–1862, vol. 7, image 152. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
12. ^ Cleveland Morning leader, Aug. 7, 1860; s. also: www: Familysearch.org/search/collection/1473181: United States Census 1860: Etienne Kauser. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
13. ↑ www: Familysearch.org/search/collection/2043782: New York, Naturalization Index (Soundex) 1794–1906, K241-K323, recording 3036. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
14. ↑ www: Familysearch.org/search/collection/2185145: United States passport applications, 1795–1925, Roll 92, vol 199-200, Sep-Nov 1860, recording 1806. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
15. ↑ This legion is referred to in English as the International Legion ; in Hungarian publications, however, it is called "olaszorszagi magyar légio" (Hungarian Legion in Italy). So z. E.g .: Lukács Lajos: Az olaszorszagi magyar légio története és anyakönyvei , Budapest 1986.
16. ↑ Karoly Maria Kertbeny: Alphabetical list of names of Hungarian emigration, 1848–1864 ; Brussels-Leipzig 1864 ( online )
17. ^ Austrian Foreign Ministry; Information Office 1848–1867; File BM 1867: 64.
18. ^ Official Congressional Directories: 1869, 41st Congress, 1st session, p.95; 1870, 41st Congress, 3rd session, p.95; 1871, 42nd Congress, 1st session, p.95; 1872, 42nd Congress, 2nd session, p.104; 1873, 42nd Congress, 3rd session, p.104; 1874, 43rd Congress, 1st session, p.121. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
19. ↑ www: Familysearch.org/search/collection/1554443: Slovakia, Church and Synagogue books 1592–1910, Roman Catholic, Kosice, Kosice, Marriages 1843–1886, image 311. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
20. ↑ National Archives of Hungary Budapest: Anyakönyvek (Catholic Church Books): Budapest. Josephstadt (Józsefváros)
21. ↑ National Archives of Hungary Budapest: Anyakönyvek (Catholic Church Books): Budapest. Josephstadt (Józsefváros).
22. ↑ Fövaros level Budapest: HU BFL-XV.17.b.312-2863 / 1871. The settlement should extend from today's Dózsa-György-ut via Murányi-utca to Szàz-hàz-utca. The plan was not implemented, only the street name Szàz-hàz-utca still reminds of it today.
23. ↑ Magyar vasuti Könyvek: 1.évf. / 1878 (Budapest 1878), p. 552; 2.évf. / 1879 (Budapest 1879), p. 321; 3.évf. / 1880 (Budapest 1880), p. 349; 4.évf. / 1881 (Budapest 1882), p. 347; 5.évf. / 1882 (Budapest 1883), p. 595.
24. ↑ István Türr ; fr: Béla Gerster ; s. also Béla Gerster: l'isthme de Corinthe et son percement , Budapest 1896 ( online ), he expressly mentions - p. 67 and p. 70 - Istvan Kauser; also informative: Journal des débats politiques et littéraires 7 May 1882, édition de Paris ( online , right column).
25. ↑ www: canadp-archivesenligne.paris.fr/archives_état_civil/1860-1892_tables_décennales: acte de naissance, 1883-1892, 17th arrondissement: Kauser. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
26. ↑ www: canadp-archivesenligne.paris.fr/archives_état_civil/1860-1892_tables_décennales: acte de décès, 1883-1892, 17th arrondissement: Kauser. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
27. ^ Gertrude Atherton: The living present - the work of French women in wartime , New York 1917, pp. 290ff. ( online )
28. ↑ As an example: Archive link ( Memento of the original from February 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. November 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2015. 
29. ↑ www: Patentimages.storages.googleapis.com/pdfs/US491843.pdf. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
30. ↑ The Official Register of the United States: 1893, vol. 1, p.370; 1897, vol. 1, p.392; 1899, vol. 1, p.492.
31. ↑ The United States of America, Homestead Certificate No. 15685; Application 26155.
32. ↑ www: Files.usgw.archives.net/la/orleans/vitals/deaths/index/1905digk.txt: JE Kauser. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
33. ^ Gertrude Atherton: The living present - the work of French women in wartime , New York 1917; here: The highly specialized II: Alice Berta Josephine Kauser.
34. ^ Pensacola Journal, October 24, 1909.
35. ^ New York Clipper, March 4, 1916.
36. ↑ Chicago Tribune , April 7, 1923.