Joseph Unger
Joseph Unger (born July 2, 1828 in Vienna , Austrian Empire , † May 2, 1913 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary ) was an Austrian lawyer , writer , politician and President of the Imperial Court of Justice. He is considered the father of the historical school of law in Austria.
Create and work
Unger studied law at the University of Vienna , where he was an assistant librarian in 1850 and a private lecturer in 1852. In 1852 he converted from the Jewish to the Catholic faith. In 1853 he was appointed to the University of Prague as an associate professor for Austrian civil law. In his inaugural address on October 8, 1853, he gave a lecture on the scientific treatment of Austrian private law, in which he called for the exegetical method, in which only the individual paragraphs are seen as fragments of a whole, to be turned away. He advocated the systemic method that grants knowledge of the ratio iuris, the inner nature of the thing.
Unger returned to Vienna in 1855, where he received the professorship for law in 1857. He owed this, among others, to Leopold Graf von Thun and Hohenstein , who, in the course of his educational reform, promoted an opening to the outside world in the direction of pandectism represented in the German states . In 1868 he published the stately literature "System des Austrian Private Law" in three volumes, the first two being devoted to the general teachings of private law and the third volume dealing with inheritance law. Unger's work remained unfinished, but with it he introduced the historical-systematic presentation of Austrian private law.
Unger was elected to the Landtag of Lower Austria and the Reichsrat in 1867 , but had to resign the following year due to health problems. In 1869 the emperor appointed him a member of the manor house for life, where he worked as a German liberal politician. From 1871 to 1879 he was Minister without Portfolio in the cabinet of Adolf Carl Daniel von Auersperg and was highly valued in his ranks as an excellent, tactful speaker. In 1875/1876, as minister, he was the main initiator of the establishment of the Administrative Court , which still exists in Austria today. From 1881 to 1913 he was President of the Imperial Court, appointed by the Kaiser .
Joseph Unger was married to Emma, a daughter of the banker and entrepreneur Friedrich Schey von Koromla . He rests in the Israelite section of the Vienna Central Cemetery .
Quote
“There is no such thing as dry science. There is only dry learning and dry scholars. "
Honors
- Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen , Grand Cross
- Austrian-Imperial Leopold Order , Grand Cross
- Honorary doctorate from the Universities of Bologne and Budapest
- Grand Cross of the Persian Order of the Sun and Lions
- Austro-Hungarian decoration of honor for art and science
- Honorary member of the Concordia journalists and writers association
- Honorary member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
Fonts (selection)
- Marriage in its World Historical Development (Vienna, 1850)
- On the Scientific Treatment of Austrian Common Private Law (Vienna, 1853)
- The draft of a civil code for the Kingdom of Saxony (Vienna, 1853)
- System of Austrian general private law (Leipzig, 1856–64)
- The legal nature of bearer papers (Vienna, 1857)
- The revised draft of a civil code for the Kingdom of Saxony (Vienna. 1861)
- Solving the Hungarian Question (Vienna, 1861)
- The Estate Treatise in Austria (Vienna, 1865)
- On the Reform of the University of Vienna (Vienna, 1865)
- The contracts in favor of third parties (Jena, 1869)
- Assumption of debt (Vienna, 1889)
- Act at your own risk (Jena, 1891)
- Acting at the risk of others (Jena, 1894)
- Colorful considerations and remarks. Mosaik, A Collection of Aphorisms, Academ. Verlagsges. (Leipzig 1911)
literature
- Joseph Unger: System of Austrian general private law . tape 2 . Breitkopf and Härtel, 1868 ( preview in Google book search).
- The division of Prague University in 1882 and the intellectual disintegration in the Bohemian lands, Collegium Carolinum . Oldenbourg, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-486-51891-7 , p. 59 ( google book ).
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Unger, Joseph . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 49th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1884, pp. 63–66 ( digitized version ).
- Gunter Wesener : Unger, Joseph (Josef). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 15, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1957–2013, p. 103 f. (Direct links on p. 103 , p. 104 ).
- Salomon Frankfurter : Josef Unger. The parental home - the youth 1828–1875 . Vienna: Braumüller, 1917
Web links
- Joseph Unger in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- Biographical data of Joseph Unger in the Biographical Handbook of the Lower Austrian Parliament 1861–1921
- Literature by and about Joseph Unger in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Joseph Unger in the German Digital Library
- Entry on Joseph Unger in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Joseph Unger as a teacher of Austrian law. In: Neue Freie Presse , May 3, 1913, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- Joseph Unger. In: Neue Freie Presse , May 3, 1913, p. 11 (online at ANNO ).
- Franz-Stefan Meissel , Joseph Unger: “Sovereign in the realm of jurisprudence” . In: Die Presse , April 29, 2013
Individual evidence
- ^ The division of the University of Prague in 1882 and the intellectual disintegration in the Bohemian countries, Collegium Carolinum . Oldenbourg, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-486-51891-7 , p. 59 .
- ↑ image of science . September 2019, p. 11
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Unger, Joseph |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian lawyer and politician, member of the state parliament |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 2, 1828 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
DATE OF DEATH | May 2, 1913 |
Place of death | Vienna |