Jubilee exhibition in 1898

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Poster of the anniversary exhibition

The anniversary exhibition in Vienna Rotunda terrain 7 May to 18 October 1898 was the occasion of the 50th anniversary of emperor Franz Joseph I organized. The organizer was the Lower Austrian Trade Association , Dominik Graf Hardegg (1846–1924) acted as president of the exhibition board, and as vice-president of the silk ribbon manufacturer Anton (Edler von) Harpke (1840–1903); for the architectural arrangements recorded Emil Bressler (1847-1921) responsible. The purpose of the exhibition was to present the efficiency of trade and industry as well as technical progress during the reign of Franz Joseph I.

Numerous other exhibitions were held in Vienna in 1898 on the same occasion, but these are to be regarded as organizationally autonomous. There was also a special anniversary exhibition in Bolzano from September 1st to October 16th of that year, albeit on an incomparably smaller scale . In Baden near Vienna , the Kaiser jubilee exhibition , which was scheduled for September 3-11, 1898 and encompasses the garden and viticulture exhibition branches , was opened by Erich von Kielmansegg (1847–1923), governor of Lower Austria.

opening

Reception of the emperor in front of the pavilion of the welfare exhibition, May 31, 1898 

The opening was made on May 7th by the Kaiser personally; In addition to members of the ore house, representatives from the government and clergy as well as the mayor of Vienna, Karl Lueger, were present . Long-lasting downpours during the first days of opening caused enormous damage to the roads leading to the rotunda, and some paths were not accessible for days. These unfavorable weather conditions, however, did not detract from the public's interest.

Exhibition profile

Plan of the exhibition site.

The exposition was divided into a commercial and an agricultural and forestry exhibition and presented the latest achievements of industrialization, but also allowed a review of the developments of the previous five decades. In addition, 30 temporary special exhibitions were installed to provide an additional incentive. Next to the west portal of the rotunda was the center of the exhibition with the music pavilion. The individual pavilions and the large hall for the permanent exhibition are grouped around this. The tramway street was transformed into an "avenue of nutrition", where the food industry presented itself. The agricultural and forestry exhibition took up the northern area and included the opposite area north of the rotunda, where the horticultural company was positioned.

Exhibit by the H. Lewicki company
Urania Theater (Architect: Ludwig Baumann )

The association “Wiener Urania”, founded on April 16, 1897, with its director, the mineralogist Aristides Brezina (1848–1909), was given a lot of space . A dedicated Urania exhibition provided information on numerous popular science topics. The association built its own building on the site, the Urania Theater with a stage that could be controlled with electrically operated mechanisms, as well as its own observatory. In the theater hall there were daily slide shows about historical events as well as the extraction and processing of iron. When the weather conditions were favorable, a spherical balloon and a tethered kite balloon rose from the Urania site, which allowed meteorological observations. During the day, this kidnapped visitors to a height of up to 800 meters. At night, the fettered dragon balloon, which was the exhibition's landmark and was 33 meters long and 7.5 meters wide, was illuminated by the rotunda, St. Stephen's Cathedral and Kahlenberg with electric spotlights. In the area, the association's electricians set up a small electric railway two kilometers in length. The botanists designed a model teaching garden, the physicists and precision mechanics made a laboratory available in which interested visitors could carry out experiments, and the zoologists built a freshwater aquarium.

The electric light bulb, the so-called Nernst lamp, re- invented by the Göttingen chemist Walther Nernst , was presented to the general public for the first time at this exhibition. The “Internationale Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft” ( existing as an AG since 1889 ) took part in the exhibition in its own exhibition object and offered an instructive picture of the various auxiliary devices for the transmission, transformation and utilization of electricity.

The City of Vienna presented the structural development of the previous 50 years, including the Vienna River regulation and the construction of the collecting canals. The veterinary and market offices as well as the municipal gasworks were further departments of the city of Vienna. On the occasion of the anniversary exhibition, the Viennese tramway company opened two more lines with electric trams for the routes from Expositionstrasse to Rotunda and Radetzkystrasse to Prater Hauptallee.

Other exhibitors were the brewery and bakery trade, the "kk police presidium" with its own pavilion with a show on criminal correspondence, the municipal fire brigade , the Vienna Voluntary Rescue Society, the association of friends of cremation "The Flame" and the first general civil service association.

The exposure was briefly affected by the fatal assassination attempt on Empress Elisabeth on September 10th. Overall, the exhibition enjoyed a large number of visitors, which is why the originally planned end of October 9th was extended to October 18th.

A total of 2.3 million people saw the exhibition. Most of the visitors came from Vienna; 40,000 of those coming from outside Vienna had bought their admission ticket together with a train ticket. On the last day almost 30,000 visitors were counted; the next morning the demolition of the temporary building began.

Collectiv exhibition of the automobile manufacturers in Austria

The Austrian Automobile Club , founded in 1898, was committed to organizing the first automobile exhibition as part of the anniversary exhibition. This “collective exhibition of the automobile manufacturers in Austria” was held in a modest setting.

This show showed the first four automobiles built in what was then Austria, including the car by Siegfried Marcus from 1888/89, two vehicles by Jakob Lohner ( Egger-Lohner Elektromobil) and Ignaz Schustal from the Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriks-Gesellschaft presented the model "President". This vehicle got its name in reference to the ÖAC President Gustav Graf Pötting and is the first industrially manufactured Austrian automobile of the kk time. The “President” became the property of the club as a gift.

Other special exhibitions

The youth hall offered a comprehensive display of the Lower Austrian and Viennese education and elementary school system since 1848 and provided information on the historical development of the school system in Austria since the introduction of the school regulations in 1774 by Empress Maria Theresa . A special exhibition was devoted to the subjects of sport and nutrition. In the youth hall there were regular demonstrations of "slides".

The herdbook exhibition took place from May 14th to 17th . Animals were exhibited which were registered in the cattle herd book of the “kk Landwirtschaftsgesellschaft” in Vienna. There were also "Jubilee Horse Exhibitions", an exhibition by the Vienna Trotting Club and the charity exhibition. On three days in July and August, sporting events were held under the title “athletic meetings”, where the “fight for the world championship in lifting and pushing weights” or the “fight for the European championship in wrestling” was held.

Electricity at the exhibition

The electrical lighting in the exhibition area was set up by the International Electricity Society and operated via its cable network, starting from Centralstation II in the nearby Engerthstrasse . This meant a step forward compared to previous exhibitions, where expensive, makeshift machine stations were built. The illuminance in the rotunda was almost twice as high as in previous exhibitions. After the show began, the central station was declared an exhibit in the exhibition and could be viewed.

At this event, electricity played a major role in driving the motors and work machines in the exhibition areas. The specialties of the exhibition included an electrically operated aerial tramway, an electrically operated chair balloon (a counterpart to the Ferris wheel in the English Garden in Munich). The Wiener Zeitung of May 8, 1898 reports on the opening by the emperor and in this context writes of the impressive evening lighting of 1,200 arc lamps and 8,000 incandescent lamps, the rotunda and the two main avenues were lit as bright as day . Notable achievements were indirect lighting in a model classroom and the Urania's electrical stage lighting.

The Heritage

One consequence of the exhibition is the kk police museum founded in 1899, for which numerous exhibits have been taken over. Today this museum is combined with the Vienna Crime Museum . Many of the exhibits from the welfare exhibition were brought into the newly founded “Social Museum”, an initiative of pulmonologist Anton Loew (1847–1907), President of the welfare exhibition commission.

A large painting by Carl Moll , a bird's eye view of Vienna shown at the exhibition, was subsequently installed in the Imperial and Royal Court Pavilion of the Vienna Stadtbahn , where it is still located today. In addition, an Austrian school museum was founded with exhibits from the youth hall in Grünentorgasse in Vienna's 9th district.

The Urania association had already announced during the exhibition that it would erect a building in Vienna. After the end of the exhibition, the Urania was initially operated in the Deutsches Volkstheater until the new building, the Urania , was opened on the Danube Canal in 1910 .

literature

  • The poor system, the public poor relief in Vienna and their historical development. For the anniversary exhibition Vienna 1898 . Self-published by the Vienna Magistrate, Vienna 1898.
  • Jubilee exhibition Vienna 1898 organized on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the government ... Franz Joseph I. welfare exhibition, exhibition pavilion of the k. k. Police Direction in Vienna (art department) . Publishing house of the k. k. Police Direction, Vienna 1898.
  • Official catalog . Second edition. Publishing house of the Exhibition Commission, Vienna 1898,
  • Special catalog of the exhibition of the Danube Regulation Commission in Vienna. Jubilee exhibition Vienna 1898. Guide . Publisher of the Danube Regulatory Commission, Vienna 1898. - Full text online .
  • Alexander Duschnitz (Hrsg.), Emil Kolberg (Red.): The anniversary exhibition Vienna 1898, under the highest patronage ... the loudest Mr. Archduke Otto . Self-published, Vienna 1899.

Web links

Commons : Vienna Jubilee Expo 1898  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Features. Jubilee exhibition in Vienna in 1898. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 104/1898, May 6, 1898, p. 6. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz.
  2. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) Anton Edler v. Harpke. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt (No. 13879/1903), April 17, 1903, p. 5, bottom center (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfpas well as
    the Wiener Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (...). In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt (No. 13880/1903), April 18, 1903, p. 18, top left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp. Portrait see
    Commons : Hans Temple  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  3. ↑ Misc. (…) The Vienna anniversary exhibition is on May 7th (…) . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung . Volume 32.1898 (issue 38). Ernst Toeche, Berlin 1898, p. 243.
  4. ^ Anniversary exhibition in Bozen in 1898. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 105/1898, May 7, 1898, p. 10, top center. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrzand
    the grand opening of the anniversary exhibition . (Part 1/2) . In: Bozner Nachrichten , September 2, 1898, No. 199/1898 (5th year), p. 1,
    The ceremonial opening of the anniversary exhibition . (Part 2/2) . In: Bozner Nachrichten , September 4, 1898, No. 201/1898 (5th year), p. 2 f.
  5. ↑ Local messages. (...) Kaiser Jubilee Exhibition Baden 1898. In:  Badener Zeitung , No. 71/1898 (18th year), September 3, 1898, p. 1, center right (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bzt,
    Kaiser Jubilee Exhibition Baden 1898. In:  Badener Zeitung , No. 72/1898 (18th year), September 7, 1898, pp. 1–4. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bzt.
  6. ↑ From the anniversary exhibition. In:  Wiener Bilder , No. 24/1898, June 12, 1898, p. 2 f. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrb.
  7. ↑ Opening of the anniversary exhibition. In:  Wiener Zeitung , Wiener Abendpost , supplement to No. 104/1898, May 7, 1898, p. 1 ff. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz.
  8. ^ Wilhelm Petrasch: The Vienna Urania. From the roots of adult education to lifelong learning . Böhlau, Vienna (among others) 2007, ISBN 978-3-205-77562-1 , p. 24 f. - text online .
  9. ^ Christian Brandstätter : City Chronicle Vienna. 2000 years in data, documents and images . Verlag Christian Brandstätter, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-85447-229-3 , p. 364.
  10. ^ Wiener Zeitung of May 7, 1898, p. 10
  11. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) anniversary exhibition. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt (No. 12268/1898), October 18, 1898, p. 1, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  12. ↑ The end of the anniversary exhibition. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt (No. 12269/1898), October 19, 1898, p. 5 middle. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  13. ↑ a b Wiener Zeitung May 10, 1898
  14. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) anniversary exhibition. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 106/1898, May 8, 1898, p. 5, bottom right. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz.
  15. ^ The Fatherland , October 20, 1898
  16. ↑ On the opening of the Wienthal Line , in: Daily Newspaper Neue Freie Presse , Vienna, No. 12501, June 13, 1899, p. 6, section Communal-Zeitung
  17. ^ Wiener Zeitung October 9, 1898

Remarks

  1. ^ Dominik Graf Hardegg zu Glatz im Marchland (born  October 24,  1846 in Vienna; †  June 20,  1924 there ), landowner; 1884–1890 member of the large estates in the Lower Austrian state parliament ; President of the Horse Breeding Section of the Austrian Agricultural Society . - See: Daily News. Staff news. (...) Died (...). In:  Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. General illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated newspaper for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung. General illustrated magazine for the whole of agriculture / Wiener Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung. Illustrated newspaper for the whole of agriculture , No. 5994/5995/1924 (LXXIV. Volume), June 28, 1924, p. 218 middle (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wlzand Hardegg Dominik, Graf . In: landtag-noe.at , October 6, 2004, full text online (PDF) , accessed on August 8, 2012.
  2. ↑ The anniversary exhibition in the Bozen mercantile building recorded a total of 10,800 visitors. - See: Heimathliches. (...) The end of the Bolzano anniversary exhibition . In: Bozner Nachrichten , October 16, 1898, No. 236/1898 (5th year), p. 3, bottom left.
  3. ↑ Producers from Bolzano and the surrounding area were strongly represented at the Vienna anniversary exhibition . - See: Heimathliches. (...) Bozen in the Vienna anniversary exhibition . In: Bozner Nachrichten , May 8, 1898, No. 104/1898 (5th year), p. 3 f.
  4. ↑ Sometimes Brzezina too .
  5. ↑ See also: Miksa Déri .
  6. ↑ Austrian School Museum. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 62/1903, March 17, 1903, p. 4, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz.