Julian Balthasar Marchlewski
Julian Baltazar (Balthasar) Marchlewski (born May 17, 1866 in Włocławek , Congress Poland ; died March 22, 1925 in Nervi near Genoa , Italy ) was a Polish politician and co-founder of the Spartakusbund . He is also known as Karski or Kujawski .
Life
Julian Marchlewski was the son of a Catholic Polish father and a Protestant noble mother of German origin, Augusta Rückersfeldt. He was a dyer . From 1888 on he belonged to the socialist labor movement and in 1888/89 founded the Association of Polish Workers ( Związek Robotników Polskich , ZRP), in 1893 he was with Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches the founder of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland (SDKP).
Julian Marchlewski had to flee to Switzerland , where he studied law and political science in Zurich until he received his doctorate . In 1896 he went to Germany and took part in the publication of various social democratic newspapers. Personally involved in the revolution in Russia , Marchlewski was imprisoned in the Modlin Fortress in 1905 . In 1908 he moved to Berlin . Marchlewski was one of the founders of the Spartakusbund in 1916 and was imprisoned for his political views from 1916 to 1918 for his deportation to Russia. He lived in Moscow for a year , then returned illegally to Germany and joined the headquarters of the Communist Party of Germany . From 1922 until his death in Nervi in 1925 he was chairman of the International Red Aid .
His daughter Sonja was Heinrich Vogeler's second wife . His younger brother Leon Pawel Teodor Marchlewski was a chemist.
In Moscow, the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West was named after him. On March 16, 1950, Memeler Strasse in East Berlin was renamed Marchlewskistrasse . He was transferred to the Socialist Memorial 25 years after his death in the Italian spa town of Nervi on March 21, 1950. A memorial stone for Marchlewski erected in Potsdam was removed after 1990.
Works (selection)
- Physiocratism in Poland . Müller, Zurich 1897. (= Zurich economic treatises 2) digitized
- Galicia. Travel impressions and studies . In: The new time . Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 20.1901-1902, Volume 2 (1902), Issue 24 = 50, pp. 741-749. Digitized
- J. Karski: Protective tariff-Raubzoll Leipziger. Buchdruck AG, Leipzig 1911.
- What is Bolshevism and what have the Bolsheviks done in Russia . Communist Party, Essen (1919). Digitized
- The council system. Lecture by J. Karski . Communist Party, Essen (1919). Digitized
- The socialization of mining. Lecture by Karski . Communist Party, Essen (1919). Digitized
- Soviet Russia and Poland. Speeches by Kamenev , Lenin , Trotsky , Marchlevsky, Sokolnikov, Radek and Martov [et al.] At the United Session of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Moscow Council of Workers 'and Peasants' Delegates, Trade Union Associations and Works Councils on May 5, 1920 . In: Russian Correspondence , 1920.
- The agrarian question and the world revolution . Seehof, Berlin 1920. Digitized
- Poland and the world revolution . Publishing house of the Communist International. Carl Hoym, Hamburg 1920. Digitized
- On the Polish policy of the Prussian government. Selection of articles from the years 1897 to 1923 . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1957. (= series of publications on the history and theory of the labor movement, issue 14)
- Imperialism or Socialism? With an obituary by Clara Zetkin. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1960.
- Secession and Art Nouveau. Reviews around 1900. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1974 ( Fundus series 35)
literature
- Julian Marchlewski. The life of a proletarian fighter . (Translated from the Polish by Pawel Dudzik.) Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1951.
- Horst Schumacher: They called him Karski. Julian Marchlewski's revolutionary work in the German labor movement from 1896 to 1919 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1964 (= publications of the Institute for History. General and German History. Volume 24)
- Horst Schumacher, Feliks Tych: Julian Marchlewski-Karski. A biography . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1966.
- Horst Schumacher: Marchlewski (Karski), Julian Balthasar . In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 308-310.
- Feliks Tych : Rosa Luxemburg and Julian Marchlewski-Karski in the Polish and German labor movement . In: Contributions to the history of the labor movement . Jan. 30, 1988, No. 5, pp. 640-648.
- Marchlewski, Julian . In: Hermann Weber , Andreas Herbst : German Communists. Biographical Handbook 1918 to 1945 . 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Karl Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 .
- Ulrich Cartarius : Marchlewski, Julian. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 115 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Julian Balthasar Marchlewski in the catalog of the German National Library
- Zurich matriculation from Marchlewski
Individual evidence
- ^ Ulrich Cartarius: Marchlewski, Julian. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 115 f. ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Marchlewskistraße. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- ↑ Neues Deutschland from March 22, 1950 : “25 years ago Julian Marchlewski died at the age of 59 in a health resort in Italy. With the help of the government of the Socialist Soviet Union, his ashes were brought to Berlin. Here in the cemetery in Friedrichsfelde, next to the graves of his friends Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg and Franz Mehring, the urn with the ashes was buried in a small memorial ... "
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Marchlewski, Julian Balthasar |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Marchlewski, Julian Baltazar; Karski (pseudonym); Kujawski (pseudonym); Fighter, Johannes (pseudonym) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish politician and co-founder of the Spartakusbund |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 17, 1866 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Włocławek |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 22, 1925 |
| Place of death | Bervi |