Kaempferia

Kaempferia
	Spice lily ( Kaempferia galanga )
Systematics
	Commelinids
Order :	Gingery (Zingiberales)
Family :	Ginger family (Zingiberaceae)
Subfamily :	Zingiberoideae
Tribe :	Zingibereae
Genre :	Kaempferia
Scientific name
	Kaempferia
	L.

The spice lily ( Kaempferia ) is a genus of plants within the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). The 39 or so species thrive in subtropical to tropical Asia . The best known species is the spice lily ( Kaempferia galanga ) , which is often used as a spice, especially in Southeast Asia .

description

Illustration of Kaempferia candida

Illustration of Kaempferia elegans

Illustration from Curtis's botanical magazine, 1806, plate 920 from Kaempferia rotunda

Vegetative characteristics

In Kaempferia TYPES is perennial herbaceous plants . The fleshy rhizomes are bulbous. Plant tubers form on the roots . The pseudo-stem, which is formed from the leaf sheaths, is short or hardly recognizable.

Each pseudo trunk has one to a few leaves. At most there are short ligules . The alternate leaves are arranged in two rows and are divided into a leaf sheath, a short petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is almost circular to thread-shaped, depending on the species. In some species the leaf blade is variegated or purple on the underside.

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are at the end of the false stem or form directly on the rhizome in species whose vegetative plant parts are only formed again after the flowering period. Some or many flowers are arranged in a spiral in the head-shaped inflorescences . There is always only one flower above each bract . The relatively small bracts are bilobed at the top or sometimes in two parts to their base.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold with a double flower envelope . The bracts are white to purple in color. The three sepals are fused Roehrig; the calyx tube is split on one side and ends in two or three dissimilar calyx teeth. The calyx tube is much shorter to the same length as the corolla tube. The three petals are fused Roehrig. The three almost identical corolla lobes are lanceolate and spread out or curved back. The lateral staminodes of the outer stamen circle are corolla-like. Two staminodes of the inner circle form the conspicuous, usually white or purple lip (labellum), which is sometimes colored differently at its base. The lip is bilobed to two columns. A stamen is only fertile in the inner circle of the stamen . At most, short stamens can be seen. Three carpels are fused to form a subordinate, three-chamber ovary.

The capsule fruit is spherical or ellipsoidal. The pericarp is thin. The seeds are almost spherical or ellipsoidal. It is a zerschlitzter (lazerater) Arillus present.

Systematics and distribution

Kaempferia pulchra

Kaempferia rotunda

Habit and leaves of Kaempferia rotunda

The genus Kaempferia was established by Carl von Linné in 1753 . The generic scientific name Kaempferia honors the German doctor and research traveler Engelbert Kaempfer . Synonyms for Kaempferia L. are: Monolophus Delafosse, Guill. & J.Kuhn , Tritophus T.Lestib. , Zerumbet Garsault .

The genus Kaempferia belongs to the tribe: Zingibereae in the subfamily Zingiberoideae within the family Zingiberaceae .

The 39 or so species thrive in subtropical to tropical Asia .

There are around 39 species of Kaempferia :

Kaempferia alboviolacea Ridl. : It only occurs in Vietnam .
Kaempferia angustifolia Roscoe (Syn .: Kaempferia angustifolia Roxb. Nom. Illeg., Kaempferia roxburghiana Schult. , Kaempferia undulata Link ): It occurs in eastern India , Thailand and Sumatra .
Kaempferia attapeuensis Picheans. & Koonterm : It wasfirst describedfrom Laos in 2009.
Kaempferia champasakensis Picheans. & Koonterm : It was first described in 2008 from Laos.
Kaempferia chayanii Koonterm : It was first described from Laos in 2008.
Kaempferia cuneata Gagnep. : It only occurs in Vietnam.
Kaempferia elegans (Wall.) Baker (Syn .: Kaempferia crawfurdia Wall. Ex Horan. , Kaempferia atrovirens N.E.Br. , Kaempferia philippiana (A.Dietr.) K.Schum. ): It is in Sichuan , India , Malaysia , Myanmar , Common to Thailand , Kalimantan, and perhaps the Philippines .
Kaempferia evansii leaf. : It occurs only in southern India.
Kaempferia fallax Gagnep. : It occurs in Laos and Thailand.
Kaempferia filifolia K.Larsen : It occurs in Thailand.
Kaempferia fissa Gagnep. : It occurs in Laos.
Spice lily ( Kaempferia galanga L. , Syn .: Kaempferia procumbens Noronha nom. Nud., Kaempferia humilis Salisb. , Kaempferia plantaginifolia Salisb. , Kaempferia latifolia Donn ex Hornem. , Kaempferia marginata Carey ex Roscoe , Kaempferia rotunda Blanco nom. Illeg., Kaempferia rotunda Blanco nom galanga var. latifolia (Donn ex Hornem.) Donn ): It is widespread in India, Sri Lanka , Laos, Thailand, Java and the Philippines.

Kaempferia gigantiphylla Picheans. & Koonterm : It was first described from Laos in 2009.

Kaempferia gilbertii W.Bull : It occurs in Myanmar .

Kaempferia glauca Ridl. : It occurs in Thailand.

Kaempferia grandifolia Saensouk & Jenjitt. It was first described in 2001 from Thailand.

Kaempferia harmandiana Gagnep. : It occurs in Laos and Cambodia .

Kaempferia koontermii Prasarn, Wongsuwan & Picheans. : It was first described from Thailand in 2015.

Kaempferia koratensis Picheans. : It was first described in 2011 from Thailand.

Kaempferia laotica Gagnep. : It occurs in Laos and Thailand.

Kaempferia larsenii Sirirugsa : It occurs in Thailand.

Kaempferia lopburiensis Picheans. : It was first described in 2010 from Thailand.

Kaempferia ovalifolia Roxb. : It occurs in Myanmar.

Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker : It occurs in southeastern Bangladesh , Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia.

Kaempferia philippinensis Merr. : This endemic occurs only on the Philippine island of Luzon .

Kaempferia picheansoonthonii Wongsuwan & Phokham : It was first described from Thailand in 2013.

Kaempferia pulchra Ridl. : They occur from southern Thailand to the northern part of the Malay Peninsula .

Kaempferia purpurea J.Koenig : This endemic occurs only in Phuket ,Thailand.

Kaempferia roscoeana Wall. : It occurs from Myanmar to Thailand.

Kaempferia rotunda L. (Syn .: Kaempferia bhucampac Jones nom. Superfl., Kaempferia longa Jacq. , Kaempferia versicolor Salisb. , Zerumbet zeylanica Garsault ): It is in Sri Lanka , India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, China , Taiwan, Indonesia and Malaysia.

Kaempferia saraburiensis Picheans. : It was first described in 2011 from Thailand.

Kaempferia sawanensis Picheans. & Koonterm : It was first described from Laos in 2009.

Kaempferia siamensis Sirirugsa : It occurs in Thailand.

Kaempferia simaoensis Y.Y.Qian : This endemic thrives in forests at altitudes of around 900 meters only in Simao Xian in southern Yunnan.

Kaempferia sisaketensis Picheans. & Koonterm : It was first described from Thailand in 2009.

Kaempferia spoliata Sirirugsa : It occurs in Thailand.

Kaempferia udonensis Picheans. & Phokham : It was first described from Thailand in 2013.

Kaempferia undulata Teijsm. & Binn. : It only occurs on Java.

Kaempferia xiengkhouangensis Picheans. & Phokham : It was first described from Laos in 2015.

The African species, which were previously classified in the genus Kaempferia , have belonged to the genus Siphonochilus J.M.Wood & Franks (Syn .: Cienkowskia Schweinf. Nom. Illeg., Cienkowskiella Y.K.Kam ; it contains eleven species) since 1982 , and thus in a different subfamily .

use

The spice lily ( Kaempferia galanga ) is cultivated in Southeast Asia and the rhizome is used as a spice in the kitchen. The rhizome of other species is used as a remedy. Few species are grown as house plants.

swell

Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae. : Kaempferia , pp. 368–369 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 . (Sections Description and Occurrence)
J. Techaprasan, S. Klinbunga, C. Ngamriabsakul, T. Jenjittikul: Genetic variation of Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand based on chloroplast DNA (psbA-trnH and petA-psbJ) sequences. In: Genetics and Molecular Research , Volume 9, 2010, pp. 1957-1973.

Single references

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae. : Kaempferia , pp. 368−369 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.) : Kaempferia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 20, 2016.
^ Kaempferia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 20, 2016.
↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 317 (reprint from 1996).
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d Kaempferia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
↑ BL Burtt: Cienkowskiella and Siphonochilus (Zingiberaceae). In: Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh , Volume 40, 1982, pp. 369-373.

Web links

Commons : Kaempferia - collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae. : Kaempferia , pp. 368−369 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.) : Kaempferia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 20, 2016.

[Tropicos-3] Kaempferia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 20, 2016.

[Genaust2005-4] Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 317 (reprint from 1996).

[GRIN-5] A ^b ^c ^d Kaempferia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 20, 2016.

[Burtt1982-6] BL Burtt: Cienkowskiella and Siphonochilus (Zingiberaceae). In: Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh , Volume 40, 1982, pp. 369-373.