Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse (Worms)

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Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse
"KW"
coat of arms
Street in Worms
Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse
Section of Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse in Worms (pedestrian zone)
Basic data
place Worms
Newly designed 1852
Hist. Names Karmeliter Strasse, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Strasse
Cross streets Karmeliterstraße, Konrad-Adenauer-Ring, Luisenstraße, Rathenaustraße, Renzstraße
Places Parma Square
Buildings Worms main station , Luther memorial
use
Road design Pedestrian zone
An old street sign with the wrong spelling of the street name

The Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße in Worms is the direct road connecting the main railway station and downtown. Today it is a pedestrian zone .

Geographical location

Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße originally extended from Obermarkt in a westerly direction over the Neutor to the main train station. With the Luther monument that was later erected in the ramparts and their horticultural redesign, a ring of enclosures was created that interrupts the street character.

designation

Until the middle of the 19th century, the path at that time was called Karmeliter Straße . After 1888 and before 1890 it was in Kaiser-Wilhelm street renamed after the Second World War finally in honor of the politician and resistance fighter Wilhelm Leuschner in Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße . Colloquially in Worms it is still referred to as "KW" (for: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße ). It should not be confused with today's Karmeliterstraße, which was only laid out in the second half of the 19th century, was initially called Schulstraße and branches off from Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße at an angle of 90 °.

history

prehistory

Until the middle of the 19th century, the development of Worms was largely limited to the area enclosed by the inner, high medieval wall ring, as well as the Andreas suburb in the south and the Mainz suburb in the north. The Karmeliter Straße was named after the former Carmelite monastery that was located on this road and that was dissolved as a result of the French Revolution . The buildings of the monastery continued to be used as a military hospital well into the 19th century. They were a few meters to the west and outside the wall. Gardens and fields stretched behind it before the street turned into Liebenauer Weg .

When the city and the Hessian Ludwigsbahn determined the final position of the first Worms train station in 1852, which went into operation in 1853, its reception building was expressly located in the axis of Karmeliter Straße .

First phase: residential street

Villa of the Pfannebecker district council, approx. 1890

The road, which had not been developed until then, was of outstanding importance for Worms. New buildings were erected along the street, mainly single houses. There were no urban control measures for this new development. As a result, the streetscape developed inhomogeneously as larger, multi-storey buildings were increasingly being built.

The condition of the road was initially poor: After a few hours of rain, the unpaved surface dissolved into mud. There was also no lighting at first. The city council hesitated to invest due to lack of funds. For the time being, two oil lamps - one at each end of the approximately 800-meter-long road - should be sufficient; eventually there were four. The street was not paved until 1860. The city had to take out a loan. The basalt alone for the paving stones cost 8,000  guilders . It was also helpful that the District Councilor Johann Pfannebecker owned a piece of land on the street on which he was building a representative three-story house. Medium-sized entrepreneurs and craftsmen settled here. The street developed into a preferred residential address in the city.

Second phase: commercial street

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 12 at the time of Art Nouveau, 1901 or shortly afterwards
Bracket for the overhead line of the tram at house number 24

From the 1870s onwards the density of buildings increased and at the end of the 19th century Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße was transformed into a shopping street . Unless new buildings were built for this purpose, the ground floors of the existing buildings were converted into shops. In the further course there were some extravagant solutions with lush decorations in Art Nouveau style , none of which have survived.

The municipal tram ran through KW from its establishment in 1906 until it was closed in 1956 . As one of the few evidence of tram operation, there is still a bracket for the tram's overhead line on the facade of house no .

present

A section of Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse in summer 2018

Due to the destruction in World War II , the subsequent reconstruction and subsequent modernization measures, there was considerable loss of historical building fabric. In the mid-1970s, the street was converted into a pedestrian zone without cars. The ornamental fountain at the confluence with Rathenaustraße was replaced in 2003 by the Nibelungenliedbrunnen .

When a considerable part of the retail trade in Worms also moved to the periphery of the city center, Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse fell into decline. In 1992 it was rated as “one of the most important shopping streets in Worms”. Some of the shops have now closed and low-cost providers, one-euro shops, drugstore chains, telephone shops and vacancies followed. The modernization of the pedestrian zone, which continues to be the shortest connection between the train station and the city center on foot, could not prevent this process.

building

Monument zone

The building complex Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße 8, 6 and 4

Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße 4–12 and 14 form a monument zone according to the Rhineland-Palatinate Monument Protection Act , with buildings no. 4, 8 and 11 also being individual cultural monuments.

Single building

Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse 2
  • No. 1 was built as a villa for the Finance Councilor Bollermann, whose only heiress was his daughter. She married into the Valckenberg family, who used the house until it was destroyed in World War II. At the beginning of the 1980s, today's office and commercial building was built, replacing the one-story row of shops from the post-war period.
  • No. 2 A villa was built here between 1860 and 1867 for the leather manufacturer Nikolaus Andreas Reinhart, co-owner of the Doerr & Reinhart leather works . It was also destroyed in World War II. At the same location, a typical residential, office and commercial building, the “ Europahaus ”, was built in 1949 and is now a cultural monument .
Pavilions in the promenade
  • 2A and 2B, two pavilions called traffic houses , which the city building authority had built in 1925 southeast of today's Konrad-Adenauer-Ring in the green area of ​​the promenade, also belonged to Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße . They are cultural monuments, but after the rededication in 2013 they now belong to Parmaplatz.
  • No. 3 is a new building from the 1970s.
  • No. 4 was built by the architect Wilhelm Manchot, who was primarily active in Mannheim at the time, in 1884/85 as a residential building for the contractors Georg and Friedrich Zucker. It is both an individual cultural monument and, together with the neighboring buildings No. 5–12 and 14, as part of a cultural monument monument zone . In the back yard there is a building with a baroque portal. Since this rear building did not exist in 1884, the portal could only have been used there. A dating of the entire rear building to the 18th century is therefore not correct.
  • No. 5 was commissioned by Karoline Boller (widow of Aloys Boller ) to Ludwig Euler in 1890 . Structurally, it forms a unit with the neighboring No. 7. Aloys Boller had his house, his office, a tombstone store and perhaps also a small workshop here. The three-storey house of his widow in the neo-renaissance style is at least preserved in the facade. Together with the neighboring buildings No. 4, 6–12 and 14, it is part of a monument zone and a cultural monument.
  • No. 6 was also built by Wilhelm Manchot for Friedrich Zucker in 1886. However, this house - in contrast to the client's house (No. 4) - was intended for renting or reselling and therefore contained shops on the ground floor. Together with the neighboring buildings No. 4, 5, 7-12 and 14, it is part of a cultural monument zone.
  • No. 7 was also commissioned by Karoline Boller in 1890 from Ludwig Euler. The three-storey house in the neo-renaissance style was badly damaged in World War II and rebuilt in simplified forms. It is together with the neighboring buildings No. 5–6 and 8–12 as well as 14 as part of a monument zone a cultural monument. Structurally, it forms a unit with the neighboring no. 5. In the upper floors of no. 7, however, the original building decoration has largely been lost.
  • No. 8 was also built by Wilhelm Manchot for Friedrich Zucker in 1886. This house was also intended for rental or resale and therefore contained shops on the ground floor. In addition, it was the corner building on today's Karmeliterstraße and the wing there was also provided with a splendid exterior decoration in the neo-Renaissance style. It is both an individual cultural monument and, together with the neighboring buildings No. 4–7, 9–12 and 14, as part of a cultural monument monument zone.
Remnants of the Art Nouveau decor at No. 12 Remnants of the Art Nouveau decor at No. 12
Remnants of the Art Nouveau decor at No. 12
  • No. 9, a neoclassical building, is a cultural monument together with the neighboring buildings No. 4–8, 10–12 and 14 as part of a monument zone. The Schmerker café is located here today .
  • No. 10 was built around 1874 by Johann David Straub. For the corner bay , which protruded beyond the building line, he received a special permit for “design reasons”. The building is, together with the neighboring buildings No. 4–9, 11, 12 and 14, as part of a cultural monument zone. The Carmelite pharmacy is located here today .
  • No. 11 The Worret'sche Etablissement has stood here since 1860 , the first café on the square. Until the municipal playhouse and festival hall was built, its hall was the most important meeting place for the Worms bourgeoisie. The essentially one-story building had a 35-meter-wide front facing the street. The rear area of ​​the property was used as a garden restaurant. The roof was temporarily and partly used as a cultivated terrace. The café only later became the corner building on Luisenstrasse when it was expelled around 1872. When Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße turned into a shopping street in the 1880s and the land prices there rose accordingly, the construction area on Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße was far too valuable to continue the one-story development of the café. The very deep property was divided, the café - now with the address “Luisenstrasse 7” - moved to the rear part of the property and the part of the property located on Kaiser-Wilhelm-Strasse was sold. The latter was divided into three plots (today: No. 11, 13 and 15), but built on in 1889 with a uniformly designed row of houses in the neo-renaissance style. A first design for it came from Ludwig Hofmann , but a design by the Pirmasens architect Georg Neff was implemented. Only the historical facade of No. 11 was preserved and was integrated into the contiguous new construction of a commercial and office building in the early 1990s, which includes house numbers 11, 13 and 15. This is both an individual cultural monument and together with the neighboring buildings No. 4–10, 12 and 14 as part of a cultural monument monument zone.
Former C&A, No. 16
  • No. 12 had an eventful history with a change from an inconspicuous three-storey, simple neo-classical building through several conversions, including a neo-Gothic to a sophisticated commercial building with a French Art Nouveau facade . After that, the building decoration was almost completely removed. Only the preserved courtyard gate and the frame of the window in the bay window on the second floor give an idea of ​​the former wealth. Together with the neighboring buildings No. 4–10 and 14, it is a cultural monument as part of a monument zone.
  • No. 13. Here, too, part of the Worret establishment stood initially from 1860 (cf. to No. 11). A later building was destroyed in World War II.
  • No. 14 is a narrow building with only three axes in the classical style. Together with the neighboring buildings No. 4–12, it is part of a cultural monument monument zone.
  • No. 15. Here, too, part of the Worret establishment stood initially from 1860 (cf. to No. 11). The successor building was destroyed in World War II.
Former Hotel Kaiserkrone , No. 19
Imperial medallion, Hotel Kaiserkrone
  • No. 16 was one of the early buildings in the street from the 1860s and was kept in a simple, classical style. It survived the Second World War almost unscathed. The wall-mounted fittings were still in place in the 1960s. In the 1970s it was demolished in favor of a commercial building that had housed a C&A branch for a long time before the Kaiser Passage was built. This replacement building is underused today.
  • No. 17: New building, around 1960s.
  • No. 18: New building, around 1970.
  • No. 19 (corner of today's Rathenaustraße ) was the Hotel Reichskrone . It was built in 1890 in a restrained neo-baroque style and used the corner location for a representative entrance and a dome rising above this component as well as a monumental medallion with the portrait of Kaiser Wilhelm I and above it the relief of the imperial crown . The historic facade should still be preserved under the modern facade cladding.
  • No. 20 was a simple, two-story building. It was already in place in 1875 when it was bought by a baker who ran his bakery there in a back building. In 1898 the building belonged to the Hanauer brothers, who ran a furniture shop. They demolished the entire building stock on the property and erected a residential and commercial building there with sales rooms facing Kaiser-Wilhelm Strasse , additional exhibition rooms and textile and upholstery workshops in the rear wing. While the design for the building came from a local contractor, the facade was designed by Heinrich Metzendorf in the “old German” style. In 1910 the building was rebuilt by a new owner and used as a grocery store. The building was destroyed in World War II. Today there is a building from the 1950s here.
  • No. 21 is a residential and commercial building from the 1980s.
  • No. 22A – C and the neighboring property No. 24 originally belonged together. The three-storey villa of Johann Pfannebecker, former district administrator of the Worms district , was built here before 1860 . After the death of his widow, it was sold and shared by the heirs shortly after 1887. After the demolition of the Pfannebecker villa, a row of three residential and commercial buildings was built here. The historicist facades designed Hermann Haldenwang . They are not received.
    • 22A was built in 1951 (building inscription) and has since housed the Schwanen pharmacy .
    • 22B Residential and commercial building from the 1950s.
    • 22C residential and commercial building from the 1950s.
  • No. 23 is a historic building. Its six window axes are arranged in three pairs. The middle risalit has an ornamental gable. The rest of the building decoration is largely lost.
  • No. 24 also belonged to the former Pfannebecker property, at that time it was probably a garden and was first cultivated after the sale by his heirs, with the corner house on Renzstraße as a cloth shop for Moritz Blum and Alexander Jekel. The business existed here until 1901. The facade of the building was designed by the Mannheim office of Köchler & Karch . The building has been preserved in principle, only the shop fittings on the ground floor have been heavily changed. On the facade of the house there is a bracket for the overhead line of the Worms tram - one of the last tangible evidence of this operation, which was closed in 1956.
  • No. 25 is a neoclassical plastered building with colored sandstone parts built around 1875 as a commercial building. It is a cultural monument.
Expressionism on Wilhelm-Leuschner-Strasse, No. 26
  • No. 26 is a historic, six-axis building. The two outer pairs of windows are assigned to one another. Remnants of neo-baroque architectural jewelry have been preserved, especially in the roof area. The building has an expressionist balcony that was added later.
  • No. 27 is a five-axis building. Originally probably Classical and from the 1870s, some of the decorative elements have been added more modern and in the interwar period.
  • No. 28 is a five-axis, classical building.
  • No. 29 was built as the “Europäische Hof” hotel and is also the corner development of Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße facing the station forecourt. The building has been preserved, but has been completely stripped of its historic architectural decoration.
  • No. 30 is the opposite corner building on Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße facing the station forecourt. Nevertheless, the building site was not used until 1891. This is where the Hotel Kaiserhof was built . The design came from Wilhelm Manchot: behind a uniform facade of a “Grand Hotel”, two buildings were initially built: the hotel and a residential building. A few years later, the residential part of the hotel was included. Before the First World War, the hotel was the first building on the square.

Crossing with the Konrad-Adenauer-Ring

The red Luther traffic light man The green Luther traffic light man
The red Luther traffic light man
The green Luther traffic light man

At the intersection of Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße and Konrad-Adenauer-Ring , a pedestrian traffic light shows Martin Luther as a traffic light man . This is a reminder of Luther's appearance at the Diet in Worms in 1521. The Luther monument in Worms is located near the intersection .

literature

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm-Leuschner-Straße  - Collection of images

Remarks

  1. ↑ Also in the spelling “Carmeliter Straße” (cf. Werner, Fig. 1).
  2. ^ The district council (in today's terminology: district administrator ) was the mayor's state superior before the introduction of local self- government.
  3. ↑ The building application dates from 1884, a building inscription mentions the year 1885.
  4. ↑ His brother, Karl Hofmann , was the city architect of Worms.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ So: Chr. Brückmann and EF Thon: Situation plan of the city of Worms with its immediate surroundings . OO 1860.
  2. ↑ Spille, p. 164.
  3. ↑ Werner, p. 130.
  4. ↑ Werner, p. 134.
  5. ↑ Werner, p. 134.
  6. ↑ Werner, p. 134.
  7. ↑ Werner, p. 135.
  8. ↑ Werner, p. 141 f.
  9. ↑ Werner, p. 142.
  10. ↑ Werner, p. 143.
  11. ↑ Werner, p. 152.
  12. ↑ Werner, p. 150 f.
  13. ↑ So z. B. No. 12 (Werner, pp. 154 f.); No. 23 (Werner, p. 150).
  14. ↑ Ralph Häussler: The Worms tram . Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2012. ISBN 978-3-95400-119-4 , p. 9, 40ff (photos), 95ff.
  15. ↑ Johannes Götzen: A look back with sadness . In: Wormser Zeitung of February 26, 2020, p. 10.
  16. ↑ Spille, p. 164.
  17. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  18. ↑ Spille, p. 166; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  19. ↑ See Werner, p. 177.
  20. ↑ Werner, pp. 178-181.
  21. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  22. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  23. ↑ Partnership places> City of Worms. Accessed August 30, 2020 .
  24. ↑ Werner, p. 156 f.
  25. ↑ Spille, pp. 164, 166; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  26. ^ So Spille, p. 166.
  27. ↑ Werner, p. 146.
  28. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  29. ↑ Werner, p. 158.
  30. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  31. ↑ Werner, p. 146.
  32. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  33. ↑ Werner, p. 158.
  34. ↑ Spille, pp. 164, 166; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  35. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  36. ↑ Cf. on this and on the Straub family: Til Schrecker: Die Wormser Familie Straub. Eight generations in the construction industry . In: Pfälzisch-Rheinische Familienkunde 14/9 (2001), p. 442.
  37. ↑ Werner, p. 139.
  38. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  39. ↑ Werner, p. 168.
  40. ↑ Werner, pp. 170-171.
  41. ↑ Spille, pp. 164, 166; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  42. ↑ Werner, pp. 152-155.
  43. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  44. ↑ Spille, p. 164; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  45. ↑ Werner, p. 147 f.
  46. ↑ Werner, p. 175.
  47. ↑ Spille, p. 164.
  48. ↑ Werner, pp. 159-162.
  49. ↑ Werner, p. 142 f.
  50. ↑ Werner, pp. 164-167.
  51. ↑ Werner, p. 164.
  52. ↑ Werner, p. 162 f.
  53. ↑ Spille, p. 166; General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate: List of monuments of the city of Worms .
  54. ↑ Werner, p. 173 f.
  55. ↑ Werner, p. 174.
  56. ↑ Werner, p. 175.
  57. ↑ Evangelical Church in Germany: Luther becomes the Ampelmännchen in Worms - art campaign for the Rhineland-Palatinate Day commemorates the Reichstag in Worms in 1521 . May 16, 2018 , accessed August 8, 2018.
  58. ↑ Susanne Müller, in: Wormser Zeitung: Martin Luther lights up traffic lights in Worms: "Martinsmännchen" show the way at the Lutherring . May 15, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.