Karl Mailänder

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Karl Mailänder (born March 7, 1883 in Hall , † July 11, 1960 in Stuttgart ) was a German civil servant in the social welfare sector , most recently as a government director . During the time of National Socialism , he was involved in “a decisive role in public welfare” in the murders of the sick (“ Action T4 ”) and the systematic murder of Sinti and Roma .

biography

Karl Mailänder's father was the rector of the local high school for girls in Hall (since 1934 Schwäbisch Hall ), as well as a choir director and oratorio singer . Mailänder attended the humanistic grammar school in Hall and graduated from high school in 1901 . He studied law and political science at the University of Tübingen , where he passed the first service examination in 1905 and the second in 1907. He then worked as a government assessor in eleven different senior offices . Since 1912, he served as magistrate at the police headquarters Stuttgart the "returnees department". In this position he was considered indispensable during the First World War . He requested several times to be deployed in the front, which earned him an official reprimand .

After the First World War, in 1919 Mailänder became a deputy director of the Württemberg State Employment Agency . A year later he was appointed as Councilor to the State Youth Welfare Office placed in Württemberg Ministry of the Interior, 1921 as "First rapporteur" to the central line for charity. In 1923 Mailänder also became a member of the board of directors of the Württembergische Landessparkasse and from 1925 "editor and editor" of the papers of the welfare organization . In 1927 he was appointed to the senior government council.

Karl Mailänder was married and had two sons. The older son died in World War II .

time of the nationalsocialism

In August 1933, Karl Mailänder was appointed “Gauwalter for Württemberg” of the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV), but he did not join the NSDAP until early May 1937. One of the main areas in which Milan worked was "welfare for hikers". In his capacity as chairman of the "Association for the Promotion of Migrant Workplaces in Würtemberg", he demanded in September 1938 from the Württemberg Minister of the Interior the "removal of anti-social migrants to a labor or concentration camp in all appropriate cases".

"In the interests of public health, we must [...] apply a healthy rigor."

- Karl Mailänder in 1933 in relation to so-called beggar raids

From 1935 to 1960 he chaired the Association for Workers Colonies in Württemberg . From 1936, Mailänder led the Württemberg State Welfare Association , whose members were the city and rural districts, and from 1938 onwards, in personal union, the central management for the foundation and institutional system , a "special Württemberg institution for the promotion and supervision of voluntary welfare work ". He held these functions until July 1946.

Karl Mailänder was responsible for the denominational sanatoriums and nursing homes in Württemberg, which also included the “Krüppelheim” Grafeneck , which was later converted into a killing facility . Mailänder, Obermedizinalrat Otto Mauthe and another official made a “visit” of the Samaritan Monastery Grafeneck on May 24, 1939. The central management under Mailänder was also often involved in the registration of the sick for " Aktion T4 ". In this respect, Mailänder knew about the murders of the sick.

Mailänder called for the creation of a “central file for professional beggars ” and supported the “reorganization of welfare” initiated in the so-called “ home decree ” by the Württemberg Minister of the Interior, Jonathan Schmid , by “sorting out types and selecting” ( Karl Mailänder ). This decree served as the basis for the segregation of the Württemberg “Gypsy” children who were being brought up in a home and were brought together in the Catholic children's home St. Josefspflege in Mulfingen .

Since the central management also supervised denominational children's and youth homes in Württemberg, Mailänder was responsible for the bureaucratic handling of the deportation and murder of these Sinti children from Mulfingen . According to a secretary, he personally signed the files with the cynical note “welfare education ends because of death” . On June 4, 1944, Karl Mailänder applied to the Waiblingen Guardianship Court to suspend the welfare education for Martin (* 1931) and Amandus Eckstein (* 1933), both Sinti from the group housed in Mulfingen. Three weeks later the children were murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp .

In 1941, Mailänder was appointed director of government and in 1942 appointed to the Gau Health Council.

From 1944, Mailänder presided over the General Association of Migrant Workplaces .

post war period

In January 1947, Karl Mailänder was classified as a fellow traveler in the first arbitration chamber proceedings , but the chamber issued a ban on future welfare activities , against which Mailänder appealed. As a result, the first instance judgment was revised by the Appeals Chamber on June 27, 1947, and the professional ban was no longer applicable. The Minister for Political Liberation in Wuerttemberg-Baden , Gottlob Kamm , aside that judgment on 5 August 1947, after which another chamber 1948 Milan than on 5 January lesser offenders panelist, aggravated the professional limitations and the atonement sharply to 5,000 Reichsmarks lifted . Mailänder also appealed against this ruling. In the fourth court proceedings, the employment bans were lifted and the atonement was reduced to 200 marks. Mailänder appealed for clemency to be completely exonerated. Nothing is known about its success.

Mailänder managed to continue his career uninterrupted after the war. As early as 1948 he was hired again as a civil servant before he finally retired as a government director in 1951. However, he retained various leading positions in associations, including from 1959 as (from 1949 to October 1959 deputy) chairman of the Paritätischer Wohlfahrtsverband . From 1947 he was a member of the main committee of the German Association for Public and Private Welfare (DV). He remained honorary director of the central management for foundations and institutions until 1956. Until 1959 he was editor of the Wanderer magazine .

Milanese was honored many times and in 1952 was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, 1st class . In 1958 a retirement home in Stuttgart was named after him. In 1960, shortly before his death, he received from the hands of the Federal President Heinrich Lubke the Large Federal Cross of Merit . Karl Mailänder died in 1960.

literature

Web links

Karl Mailänder
Link to the picture

(Please note copyrights )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Max Rehm: Karl Mailänder in memory. In: Blätter der Wohlfahrtspflege , vol. 114, Stuttgart 1967, pp. 96-100.
  2. ↑ Klee: The personal dictionary for the Third Reich. P. 388. Max Rehm ( Karl Mailänder zum Gedächtnis ) gives June 11, 1960 as the date of death .
  3. ↑ From the grounds of the Spruchkammer dated January 5, 1948. Quoted from: Stingele: Karl Mailänder. P. 96
  4. ↑ a b c d e Thomas Stoeckle: Grafeneck 1940. The eutnanasia crimes in southwest Germany. Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 2002, ISBN 3-87407-507-9 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Stingele: Karl Mailänder.
  6. ↑ The letter is printed in facsimile by Wolfgang Ayaß : Homeless in National Socialism. Booklet accompanying the traveling exhibition of the Federal Association of Homeless Aid. Bielefeld 2007, p. 34f.
  7. ↑ Quoted from Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich. P. 387
  8. ^ A b Matthias Willing: The Preservation Act (1918-1967). A legal historical study on the history of German welfare. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2003, p. 176
  9. ↑ a b c d Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. P. 387f.
  10. ↑ Decree on the reorganization of the welfare system, in particular the home education of November 7, 1938, file number IX 1418. Main State Archives Stuttgart, E 151/09 Bü 442 ( digitized ).
  11. ^ Karl Mailänder: The implementation of welfare education in Württemberg during the war. In: Blätter der Wohlfahrtspflege, 2/1942, p. 9ff. Quoted from: Stingele: Karl Mailänder. P. 91.
  12. ↑ Sign of the times: 7./8. October 1959 on the website of the German Paritätischer Wohlfahrtsverband.
  13. ↑ a b Anne-Dore Stein: The scientification of the social Wilhelm Polligkeit between individual care and population policy under National Socialism , Perspectives of Critical Social Work Vol. 4, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-531-16614-8 , p. 320.
  14. ^ Obituary on the website of the German Parity Welfare Association.
personal data
SURNAME Milanese, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Milanese, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German civil servant in the social welfare sector, most recently as a government director
DATE OF BIRTH March 7, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Schwäbisch Hall
DATE OF DEATH July 11, 1960
Place of death Stuttgart