Charles of Luxburg

Karl Count of Luxburg

Karl Graf von Luxburg (born May 10, 1872 in Würzburg , † April 2, 1956 in Ramos Mejía , Argentina ) was a German diplomat .

Life

Luxburg came from an originally St. Gallen council family , whose descendant Johann Friedrich Graf von Luxburg did not come to Bavaria from Zweibrücken until the 18th century . His parents were Princess Luise von Schoenaich-Carolath-Beuthen and Friedrich von Luxburg .

Karl von Luxburg studied law and married Carola Martinez de Hoz. He was envoy of Wilhelm II in China, in early 1913 in India and in Argentina during the First World War .

In June 1916, the legation secretary in the Foreign Office, Rudolf Nadolny , sent Hermann Wuppermann, Arnold, to Madrid, to see Max von Ratibor and Corvey . Glass flasks with snot bacilli and Bacillus anthracis were delivered in bars of soap . Hermann Wuppermann set up snot bacteria cultures in glycerine in Madrid . On June 23, 1916, the Prince of Ratibor reported "Cultures have succeeded" to Berlin. Ambassador's helpers infected certain animals for export with the biological warfare agents. This was to prevent neutral Spain from delivering mules, horses and cattle to the British and French opponents of the war. Wuppermann traveled on to Argentina. In Buenos Aires, Karl Graf von Luxburg refused to carry out the order to use biological warfare agents and burned him.

In Germany, he was put into temporary retirement after the collapse of the German Empire in December 1918. He devoted himself to the administration of his estates and in September 1939 he moved to Argentina.

For the coup of Major Gualberto Villarroel López against General Enrique Peñaranda del Castillo on December 20, 1943, Víctor Paz Estenssoro fetched 5 million USD from Edelmiro Julián Farrell and Manuel A. Fresco in the house of Karl von Luxburg in Ramos Mejía .

In 1955, Karl Graf von Luxburg gave Aschach Castle near Bad Kissingen with all its inventory as a gift to the Lower Franconia district to set up a castle museum . The Graf-Luxburg-Museum was opened on June 21, 1957.

Luxburg affair

On February 2, 1917, Karl Graf von Luxburg informed the Argentine Foreign Minister Carlos A. Becú in a letter that his government had declared unrestricted submarine warfare and that this was also directed against ships flying the flag of neutral nations, which are themselves are located within a blockade zone imposed by the German Reich.

On April 4, 1917, the Argentine merchant ship Monte Protegido was sunk by a German submarine. The government sent word that it regretted the incident and promised to pay damages. In June 1917 a German submarine sank the Argentine Torro . The Argentine government protested, the German government regretted it and promised damages.

US Secretary of State Lansing had telegrams published in the newspaper "EL ARGENTINO" in the Partido de General Madariaga on September 9, 1917 , which Room 40 of Luxburg had co-written:

“The local government has released the German and Austrian ships that were previously under guard. As a result of the settlement of the Monte Protegido case , there has been a great change in public opinion. In future, the government will only book the Argentine ships as far as Las Palmas. I ask Your Excellency that the small ships Orán and Guazú, on January 31, the date of departure, 300 tons, which are approaching burdeos with the intention of changing flags, should, if possible, be allowed to pass if not sunk without To leave traces. "

- Telegram n ° 32 of May 19, 1917

“I learned through a reliable source that the interim foreign minister, a well-known mule and Anglophile, declared in a closed session of the Senate that Argentina would ask Berlin to promise not to sink any more Argentine ships. If they did not accept this, the relationship would be broken off. I recommend rejecting it, and if necessary seek mediation from Spain "

- Telegram N ° 59 of July 3, 1917

“For the time being, make no visible concessions to the Argentine note. A change in the ministry is likely. Regarding the Argentine ships, I recommend forcing them to turn back, sinking them or letting them pass without a trace. They are all very small. "

- Telegram Nº 64 of July 9, 1917

At the beginning of September 1917, after the telegrams appeared, attempts were made to set fire to the Club Alemán on Avenida Córdoba, and stones were thrown at the German newspaper La Union and the German embassy. Foreign Minister Honorio Pueyrredón declared Count Luxburg a persona non grata and issued and sent him a laissez passer on the border. Karl Graf von Luxburg went south in a Mercedes-Benz . The newspapers suspected that he had called a ship to pick him up from a telephone station . In this context, the Royal Navy boarded a Spanish steamer and searched it. Luxburg was also known as Los Manzanares de Rappard y Kunn on the La Germania estate when Colonel Vidal put him there on October 9, 1917 and gave his word of honor to go to the police station at Vidal. In the early morning of October 11, 1917, Comisario Almada from General Madariaga went in his sulky to the Estancia La Merced , which was owned by the Serantes Lezica family, 40 km southwest of General Madariaga, to investigate evidence that Luxburg was there . Luxburg was arrested there in the southern part of the province of Buenos Aires and taken to an internment camp on Isla Martín García .

Richard von Kühlmann admitted the authorship of Luxburg, but presented its content as Luxburg's purely personal ideas, which would have had no influence on the decisions and promises of the imperial government.

On May 9, 1918, Luxburg was able to leave Argentina.

See also

• Zimmermann dispatch

Web links

• The Counts of Luxburg - from Appenzell to Lower Franconia ( memento from October 24, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )

literature

• Maria Keipert (Red.): Biographical Handbook of the German Foreign Service 1871–1945. Published by the Foreign Office, Historical Service. Volume 3: Gerhard Keiper, Martin Kröger: L – R. Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-506-71842-6 .
• Schultheis Herbert: Bad Bocklet - history of the districts of Aschach and Großenbrach , Bad Neustadt ad Saale 1996. ISBN 978-3-9800482-9-3 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Snot and Anthrax . In: Der Spiegel . No. 30 , 1998 ( online ).
2. ↑ Lloyd Mallan: Bolivia: Revolt and Counter-Revolt . ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ Luxburg Museum
4. ↑ Historia de las Relaciones Exteriores Argentinas, La guerra submarina decretada por Alemania a partir de febrero de 1915
5. ↑ Felipe Pigna in Clarín, 13 ENE 2008, Ante la Primera Guerra, neutral
6. ^ Carlos Alberto Silva: La política internacional de la Nación Argentina . Imprenta de la Cámara de Diputados, Buenos Aires 1946, p. 534, 991 pages. according to La expulsión del ministro alemán of Luxburg, y la posición del Congreso argentino en favor de la ruptura de relaciones diplomáticas con Alemania
7. ↑ Benjamin Welles: Sumner Welles: FDR's global strategist: a biography
8. ↑ Mobs In Buenos Aires Born Buildings Of Germans And Attack Legation After Count Luxburg Is Dismissed Whole Blocks Destroyed . Demands Made On Berlin. Buenos Aires Requires Teuton Disavowal of Count from Luxburg's Course . (PDF) In: The New York Times , September 13, 1917
9. ^ From Luxburg Is Arrested and on Way to Detention CampCount Karl von Luxburg . (PDF) In: The New York Times , October 12, 1917
10. ↑ A el señor ministro de Relaciones exteriores. Buenos Aires. Transmito a YE con referencia a mi telegrama 149, el secretario de estado Kuelhmann, que regresó ayer de Munich, me ha entregado hoy viernes, 21 de septiembre, a las 7 pm la contestación que transmito a YE «La nota fechada el 21 de septiembre , dice textualmente como sigue: »« Señor ministro: »« Al acusar recibo de su nota de fecha 14 del corriente, por la cual me ha comunicado que el conde Luxburg ha cesado de ser persona grata, tengo el honor de hacerle saber que el gobierno imperial lamenta vivamente lo que ha pasado, y desaprueba en absoluto las ideas expresadas por el conde Luxburg en los telegramas publicados por nuestros adversarios, sobre la forma de hacer la guerra de cruceros. Estas ideas son puramente personales. Ellas no han tenido, ni tendrán, ninguna influencia sobre las decisiones y las promesas del gobierno imperial. " «Sírvase aceptar, señor ministro, la seguridad de mi alta consideración. - Kuelhmann ». Anales De La Facultad De Derecho , p. 94, archive.org

predecessor	Office	successor
Heinrich XXXI. Reuss to Köstritz	German Consul General in Calcutta 1913–1914	Heinrich Rüdt von Collenberg
Hilmar Freiherr von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen	German ambassador to Argentina 1914–1917	Franz Olshausen