Karlsruhe line
Karlsruher Linie is a term from German German studies and includes two isoglosses of the West Germanic dialect continuum . These run on the eastern language border of the East Franconian and on the southern border of the South Rhine-Franconian . They separate these forms of language from the southern Bavarian , Swabian and Alemannic .
The Karlsruhe line includes sections of two other language borders: the euch / enk line delimits two different forms of the pronoun dative plural, namely the East Franconian and Swabian and also standard German "Euch" and the Bavarian "Enk". The second isogloss is the mäh / mähet boundary , which separates two different verb forms in the third person plural (using the example of the word “mähen”) from each other (standard German: mähen), namely the East and South Rhine-Franconian “mäh” and the Swabian- Alemannic "mähet". South of Karlsruhe , the Sprachlinie crosses the Rhine and a little later comes across the Speyer line .
In the older German literature, for the first time in Gottsched (1748), the Karlsruhe line is seen as the boundary between Central and Upper German . This view is now seen as outdated and this linguistic line had to cede its separating function to the northern Speyer line.
course
The Karlsruhe Line began southeast of the city of Karlsbad and curved north of this city towards the German - Czech border. This crossed the Isogloss for the first time at Graslitz and met the Apple / Appel line at the Ascher tip . East of the German-Czech border, it has been obsolete since 1945, as the local dialect was replaced by Czech after the Sudeten German population was expelled . The Karlsruhe line then runs from Wunsiedel via Hersbruck to Nuremberg , which remains on the western and thus East Franconian side and forms the linguistic border between East Franconian and North Bavarian . This isogloss section is also known as the euch / enk line.
Further south, the Karlsruhe line follows the East and South Rhine-Franconian language border opposite the Swabian-Alemannic language and forms the mäh / mähet boundary there. This line is followed by the Karlsruhe line until the mäh / mähet border meets the Haus-Hus line . From there it turns in a northerly direction and then crosses the Rhine south of Karlsruhe, more precisely near Ettlingen , and a little later crosses the German - French border. In Wissembourg this isogloss meets the Speyer line. Both unite and end in the Vosges .
So one can say that this isogloss roughly follows the line ( Karlsbad - Duppau - Graslitz -) Bad Brambach - Asch - Wunsiedel - Goldernach - Auerbach - Hersbruck - Nuremberg - Allersberg - Abenberg - Weißenburg - Oettingen - Murrhardt - Bönnigheim - Sachsenheim - Weil - Neuenbürg - Ettlingen - Weißenburg follows.
Because of this course of the line, the South Rhine-Franconian and East Franconian dialect areas were counted as Central German , although these dialects have all the characteristics of the second sound shift of Upper German.
See also
Remarks
- ↑ Note: Some Germanists sometimes relocate this isogloss to a more northerly branch line, the so-called Franconian-Bavarian plural line . Here, the city of Asch and its surroundings were added to the latter as a linguistic transition area between East Franconian and Upper Palatinate , although they were usually assigned to East Franconian. This "Franconian-Bavarian plural line" also runs west of the city of Nuremberg , so that this and its surroundings have now also been assigned to the Upper Palatinate dialect of Bavarian . This Karlsruhe branch line is shown in dashed lines on the present map.
- ↑ F. Dörr, W. Kerl, Osmipress: East Germany and the German settlement areas in Eastern and Southeastern Europe. 3. Edition. Südwest Verlag Munich 1987, ISBN 3-517-01070-7 . Language map p. 54.
- ↑ Werner König: dtv atlas on the German language. 9th edition. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, ISBN 3-423-03025-9 , display map p. 92.