Kentrothamnus weddellianus

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Kentrothamnus weddellianus
Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Buckthorn Family (Rhamnaceae)
Tribe : Colletieae
Genre : Kentrothamnus
Type : Kentrothamnus weddellianus
Scientific name of the  genus
Kentrothamnus
Sweet. & Overkott
Scientific name of the  species
Kentrothamnus weddellianus
( Miers ) MC Johnst.

Kentrothamnus weddellianus is the only species in the genus Kentrothamnus from the family of buckthorn plants (Rhamnaceae). The species forms almost leafless shrubs. The distribution area is in Bolivia and Argentina.

description

Kentrothamnus weddellianus forms thorny and almost leafless shrubs up to 4 meters high . The branches are cross-opposite, olive green to olive brown and thickly covered with yellowish, 0.1 to 0.3 millimeter long hairs. The leaves are also cross-opposed, they are obovate, ovate or oblong, 3 to 15 millimeters long, 3 to 4 millimeters wide and covered with 0.1 to 0.2 millimeter long, yellowish hairs. The petiole is about 1 millimeter long, thin and also hairy. The stipules are awl-shaped, about 1 millimeter long, hairy and soon fall off. The upper bud on the knot forms a thorn , the one below another shoot or a strongly dividing, compound inflorescence of cymes with one to three, rarely four individual flowers. The flowers are downy, hairy, five-fold and grow on 1 to 2 millimeter long stems that grow to 2 to 5 millimeters when the fruit is ripe. The flower cup is bell-shaped to urn-shaped, falls off the fruit and leaves a scar in which the stamens remain. The petals are about 1 millimeter long and whitish. The stamens are initially covered by the petals, the stamens are whitish and kinked at their end, the anthers are fourfold. The disc is indistinct and has grown together with the lower part of the flower cup. The ovary is semi-subordinate and triple. The fruits are about 5 millimeters long, three-part capsule fruits that open like an explosion .

distribution

The natural range is in Bolivia and in the extreme north of Argentina. In Bolivia, the species is found in the departments of Cochabamba , Potosí and Chuquisaca at altitudes of 2000 to 4000 meters. Kentrothamnus weddellianus grows in the scrubland on very dry mountain slopes, where it reaches heights of 1 to 2 meters and near rivers of up to 4 meters.

Systematics and research history

Kentrothamnus weddellianus is the only kind of the monotypical genus Kentrothamnus from the family of buckthorn plants (Rhamnaceae), in which it is assigned to the tribe Colletieae . John Miers first described specimens of the species as Trevoa weddelliana Miers ( Basionym ) in 1860 , without knowing the fruits, which differ from those of other representatives of the genus Trevoa . Karl Suessenguth and Ortrud Overkott established the genus Kentrothamnus in 1941 , in which they provided two South American species described by them, the one with the genera Colletia Juss. and Discaria Hook are related, but differ from Colletia in the lack of bent back and nectar- releasing structures at the edge of the disc and from Discaria in the only thin and not swollen disc. The two species, Kentrothamnus penninervius Suess. & Overkott and Kentrothamnus foliosus (Rusby) Suess. & Overkott , are said to differ in the position of swollen parts on the disc. As a type species was Kentrothamnus penninervius determined. Marshall Conring Johnston found in a 1973 revision of the genus based on studies of a larger number of specimens that similar differences occur not only between different plants of a species, but also at different stages of the development of a plant. He also recognized that the epithet chosen by John Miers weddellianus has priority over those used by Suessenguth and Overkott and described Kentrothamnus weddellianus as the only species of the genus.

use

Extracts of the plant were used as soap and as a type of shampoo.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c D. Medan, C. Schiarend: Rhamnaceae in Klaus Kubitzki: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants , Volume VI, pp. 328, 329
  2. ↑ a b c d J. Arnold Arbor. 54: 471-473. 1973, online at botanicus.org .
  3. ↑ Peter Møller Jørgensen: Kentrothamnus weddellianus. In: Bolivia Checklist. eFloras.org, accessed on November 23, 2014 .
  4. ↑ Trevoa Weddellianus. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved November 23, 2014 .
  5. ↑ Kentrothamnus. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved November 23, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Kentrothamnus weddellianus. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved November 23, 2014 .

literature

  • Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 6: Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-06512-1 , pp. 328, 329 (English).
  • Marshall C. Johnston: Revision of Kentrothamnus (Rhamnaceae) . In: Journal of the Arnold Arboretum . tape 54 . Cambridge, MA 1973, p. 471-473 ( online at botanicus.org [accessed November 23, 2014]).

Web links