childrens song
The nursery rhyme is a simple song with easy-to-understand text and melody suitable for children . There are children's songs for all ages, both in diatonic and pentatonic form.
Criteria for a children's song is that a child according to text and an appropriate tune the text in its range does not overpower the vocal range of the child. In addition, the song should be set in a key appropriate to the child's voice .
In folklore, “ nursery rhymes ” are sometimes also understood as nursery rhymes .
history
Almost all of the children's songs generally known in Germany date from the 19th century. Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben (1798–1874) alone wrote the texts for around 500 children's songs. Even Ernst Anschütz ( Fox, you've stolen the goose of 1824) and the educator Friedrich Froebel ( Bunny in the pit of 1840) wrote well-known children's songs.
Some of the very old children's songs can still be found in Carl Orff's Music for Children ( Orff-Schulwerk ) and in old song books ( Deutsches Volksliedarchiv or Des Knaben Wunderhorn by Ludwig Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano ). In the 1950s and 1960s, the composer Hans Poser dedicated a large part of his oeuvre to children's songs and composed numerous well-known songs such as Ein Ele-Zwele-Trelefant and fairy tale songs . New songs have been added since the 1970s, for example by Margarete Jehn & Wolfgang Jehn , Rolf Zuckowski or Detlev Jöcker . In the course of globalization, many children's songs from all over the world have also been added to Germany.
1970s to 1990s
In the period from 1968 to 1984, for example, several directions on the subject of music for children ran side by side:
- Lyricists and composers had long since broken new ground with their music for children; many new songs for children were created. The new compositions were often produced on the radio and distributed via school and children's radio .
The term children's songwriter was not yet known.
- In 1968 the test version of the “Curriculum Early Musical Education” was published by the Association of German Music Schools, and from 1970 it was widely introduced in many music schools. In 1974 the revised version with the title " Early Musical Education " was established. A kindergarten version of the same name had no lasting success. Pentatonic melodies were the focus of this program - children's songs that opposed this tonal space were left out.
- After 1968, many publishers in West Germany published sheet music and records targeting people from the 1968 movement . The Plans-Verlag, for example, published reality-related (partly political) children's songs by the singing couple Christiane and Fredrik in 1973 ; the Rowohlt publishing house published in its series rororotfuchs new songs, poetry and prose for children and adolescents.
- there were attempts with sound experiments in kindergarten (e.g. Margrit Küntzel-Hansen , Mauricio Kagel with a project at WDR).
The turn
Since the beginning of the 1990s, many publishers have parted with their authors, some of whom had been long-time, and discontinued their programs. Whole children's music series, such as Der Kinderchor , ed. v. Günther Kretzschmar at SCM Hänssler , were sold to other publishers and disappeared. New children's songwriters took their place with their productions.
The radio stations gradually rebuilt their children's programs . The school radio disappeared completely from the program on some stations, the children's radio was reduced. The big children's radio plays also declined. Instead, radio stations now also broadcast their remaining educational programs as podcasts .
today
Some broadcasters expressly cultivate the nursery rhyme. On the radio and as a podcast, versions with singing and instrumental for singing along are offered.
See also
literature
- Hans Günther Bastian (Ed.): Music (education) and its effect. A long-term study at Berlin elementary schools ( music pedagogy series ). Schott publishing house, Mainz u. a. 2000, ISBN 3-7957-0426-X .
- Franz Magnus Böhme : German children's song and children's game. Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1897 ( archive.org ).
- Barbara Boock: Children's song books 1770-2000. An annotated, illustrated bibliography of the German-language children's song books (= folk song studies ; 8). Waxmann, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8309-1819-6 .
- Thomas Freitag : The nursery rhyme. An alphabetical reader. Lugert-Verlag, Oldershausen 2000, ISBN 3-89760-138-9 (numerous illustrations and sheet music examples, discography).
- Thomas Friday: Children's song. From the diversity of a musical genre. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 2001, ISBN 3-631-37469-0 (numerous illustrations, note examples).
- Thomas Freitag: A negro falls down from the roof. All the misery in the nursery rhyme. Regia Verlag, Cottbus 2008, ISBN 978-3-939656-84-5 .
- Emily Gerstner-Hirzel : The nursery rhyme. In: Rolf Wilhelm Brednich , Lutz Röhrich , Wolfgang Suppan (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Volkslieds. Volume 1. Wilhelm Fink, Munich 1973, pp. 923-967.
- Gerlinde Haid : Children's song. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-7001-3044-9 .
- Christa Holtei, Tilman Michalski : Why does the mill rattle on the rushing brook? The story of children's songs. Mannheim 2010.
- Andreas Mohr: Handbook of children's voice training (series study book music ). Verlag Schott, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-7957-8704-1 .
- Peter Rühmkorf : About national wealth. Excursions into the literary underground. Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1967 (songs and verses circulating exclusively among children).
- Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann : The book of children's songs. 235 old and new songs: cultural history - sheet music - lyrics. Atlantis-Schott, Mainz 1997/2010, ISBN 978-3-254-08370-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Andreas Mohr: Handbuch der Kinderstimmbildung , Verlag Schott, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-7957-8704-1
- ^ Children's songs from German Switzerland. According to oral tradition, collected and edited. by Gertrud Züricher (= writings of the Swiss Society for Folklore. Volume 17). Helbig & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1926, on terminology see S. X.
- ↑ see also essay: Musical Early Education - Didactic Basics
- ↑ See children's songs at SWR ( Memento from September 13, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )