Reign of Stargard

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Coat of arms of the Stargard rule, which also appears in the city arms of Neustrelitz and Fürstenberg . The ring and women's arm symbolize the transition to Mecklenburg through the marriage of the margrave's daughter Beatrix .
The eponymous castle Stargard , former administrative seat.
The Mecklenburg Grand Duchies in 1855, the Stargard rule at the bottom right as the larger of the two purple-bordered areas, cf. Map legend.

The Stargard rulership , colloquially also Stargarder Land or Land Stargard , was a rulership first documented in the 13th century as terra Stargardiensis in the border area between Brandenburg , Pomerania and Mecklenburg . As a landscape name, the designation remained in the administration until shortly after the end of the Second World War.

history

The "Dominion Stargard" occurs in the tradition as a presumably Slavic castle district ( terra ) around (castle) Stargard . Probably since the conquest around 1130 it belonged to the domain of the Dukes of Pomerania until 1236 . In the Treaty of Kremmen of June 20, 1236, Duke Wartislaw III , who lived in Demmin , had to . the countries ( terrae ) Stargard, Beseritz and Wustrow to the Brandenburg Margraves Johann I and Otto III, who ruled together . resign from the house of the Ascanians . Soon, however, the term “Dominion Stargard” was broader and used for the territory of these three countries mentioned.

At the end of the 13th century, the rule of Stargard came from the Ascani in Mecklenburg possession. The time, circumstances and process of the change of ownership cannot be determined from sources with absolute certainty. The change of ownership began with the marriage of Beatrix , the daughter of the Brandenburg margrave Albrecht III , on August 12, 1292 . , with Prince Heinrich II of Mecklenburg (the lion) .

Numerous attempts to explain the scenario can be found in the literature. The Land of Stargard came into the hands of the Mecklenburg ...

  • 1292 (at the princely wedding) or later as a dowry of the margrave's daughter, or
  • 1292 or later as a Wittum endowed by the bride's father in favor of his daughter in the event of death, or
  • between 1292 and 1300 by purchase contract (or sham purchase ) between Heinrich II. and his father-in-law, whereby Beatrix's dowry was offset against the purchase price, or
  • 1292 or later as a pledge, or
  • 1304 as a fiefdom of Margrave Hermann von Brandenburg.

The only undisputed and verifiable fact is that the change of ownership was a consequence of the princely wedding of 1292, the Mecklenburg man was enfeoffed with the Land of Stargard by his father-in-law only after the death of his sons (around 1298/1299) and this fief only after the death of Albrecht III. (1300) became legally binding with the Wittmannsdorf Treaty of January 15, 1304.

Nevertheless, the possession of the Stargard rule initially remained uncertain for the Mecklenburgers and was closely linked to the person of the margrave's daughter. This became apparent in 1314, when Beatrix died without male descendants and the Brandenburgers demanded the return of rule and tried to enforce it. This conflict expanded with the North German Margrave War into one of the largest feuds that North Germany had seen until then. When the Mecklenburgers won the Battle of Gransee in 1316 , the Brandenburgers finally had to surrender. As a result, after the Peace of Templin in 1317 , the Stargard rule was finally and permanently part of the total property of the Mecklenburg dynasty.

After Saxon feudal dependency, the rule was raised to imperial territory by the Roman-German king and later Emperor Charles IV on October 16, 1347 and handed over to the Mecklenburg princes as an imperial fief. From 1352 to 1471 , the Mecklenburg-Stargard branch line was formed in the dynasty of the lords of Mecklenburg , later the dukes of Mecklenburg .

In 1701 it was a founding component in Hamburg's comparison and the largest area of ​​the (partial) duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , at the same time one of three knightly circles of the Mecklenburg state until 1918 .

In the Mecklenburg coat of arms (heraldic) the rule of Stargard has its own coat of arms on the lower right: a silver, female arm with a ring on a red background.

From lordship to Stargard County

In 1920 an official order also introduced new political structures for the old Stargard rule. In the north, the Stargard office with its seat in Neubrandenburg remained; in the south, a new Strelitz office with its seat in Neustrelitz was created by merging several offices . Both offices, later incorrectly referred to as circles, existed until 1934.

On January 10, 1934, these offices of Stargard and Strelitz were merged to form a Strelitz district based in Neustrelitz, which was renamed Stargard district a little later . According to the German municipal code of 1935, the cities of Neustrelitz and Neubrandenburg were circled. From then on Neustrelitz formed an urban district, and Neubrandenburg received a special status as an independent city.

The Stargard district was divided into the newly formed Neustrelitz and Neubrandenburg districts in 1946 , with the towns of Neustrelitz and Neubrandenburg again becoming part of the district.

Afterlife

This regional structure from 1946, with minor adjustments in 1950, lasted until the administrative reform of the GDR in 1952, when the territory was divided into the newly formed districts of Neubrandenburg , Neustrelitz and Strasburg .

In 1994, the Mecklenburg-Strelitz district was re-established , encompassing the area of ​​the former Stargard district within the boundaries of 1946 with the exception of the now independent city of Neubrandenburg and the now Brandenburg Fürstenberger Werders . With the district reform of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in 2011 , this district became part of the new Mecklenburg Lake District .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Boll : History of the Land of Stargard up to the year 1471. Neustrelitz 1846, p. 97 ff.
  2. ^ Hermann Krabbo: The transition of the state of Stargard from Brandenburg to Mecklenburg. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 91 (1927), pp. 7–8 ( digitized version )
  3. ^ Franz Boll: Heinrich von Mecklenburg in possession of the Land Stargard with Lychen and Wesenberg. The Wittmannsdorf Treaty. In ders .: History of the state of Stargard up to 1471. Volume 1. Neustrelitz 1846, pp. 123–129 ( digitized version )
  4. ^ Helge bei der Wieden : Outline of the German administrative history. Vol. 13: Mecklenburg. Marburg, 1976, ISBN 3-87969-128-2 , p. 246 ff.
  5. ^ Law of the State Ministry on the reorganization of districts v. January 10, 1934 (Reg.Bl. f. Meckl. 1934, p. 13). The district designation used by the legislature for the previous offices is incorrect.
  6. ↑ Reg.Bl. 1934, p. 109.
  7. ^ Helge bei der Wieden: Outline of the German administrative history. Vol. 13: Mecklenburg. Marburg 1976, ISBN 3-87969-128-2 .
  8. ↑ It was u. a. transferred the city of Fürstenberg / Havel from Mecklenburg to Brandenburg. - Cf. “Law on Change of Frontiers of Countries” v. June 28, 1950. (Journal of the GDR, 1950, no. 75, p. 631) and Implementation Regulation (Journal of the GDR, 1950, no. 78, pp. 659-660).