Kitros
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Kitros Κίτρος |
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| Basic data | |||
| Country |
 Greece
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| region | Central Macedonia | ||
| Regional district | Pieria | ||
| local community | Pydna-Kolindros | ||
| Parish | Pydna | ||
| Local community | Pydna | ||
| Geographic coordinates | 40 ° 23 ' N , 22 ° 34' E | ||
| Height above d. M. |
80 m |
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| Residents | 1172 (2011) | ||
| LAU-1 code no. | 5601041101 | ||
| Post Code | 60064 | ||
| Telephone code | 23510 | ||
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Kitros ( Greek Κίτρος ( n. Sg. )) Is a village in the municipality of Pydna-Kolindros in the Greek region of Central Macedonia . It was founded in the Middle Ages and is considered older than Katerini . The most important branch of the economy is salt production. Kitros is 16 km from Katerini. The inhabitants are on the one hand locals, but some are also refugees from Eastern Rumelia . The main occupation today is tobacco cultivation and the breeding of kiwis . The place is one of the oldest growing regions for kiwi in Greece. Kitros currently belongs administratively to Pydna-Kolindros and together with Alyki forms the local community of Pydna.
Surname
Various derivations of the name "Kitros" are in circulation. A probable theory is that the name goes back to an inn where travelers stopped on the way between Gida ( Γιδά - today's Alexandria Imathias ) and Larissa . Accordingly, it would be the deictic form: "Eat there!" ( "Εκεί τρως" eki troos ). The theory that the place got its name after the citrus fruits is improbable. The renaming from Pydna to Kitros took place in Roman times. Strabon is the first to use the name "Citrum". The Bishop of Kitros Parthenios Vardakas suggested that the name was due to the color yellow, but a more plausible theory suggests that the name was adopted by a Roman landowner. The community was founded in 1914 under the name Pydna ( Πύδνα ). Rigas Fereos leads the place in his famous charter from 1797 under the double name Pydna-Kitros ( Πύδνα-Κίτρος ).
history
Archaeological excavations south of Kitros uncovered remains of the fortified Louloudies bishopric from the 5th to 7th centuries. This was under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Thessaloniki. At the time of the Crusader States , it was also the seat of a Catholic bishop. In 396 Kitros was conquered by the Goths and later the Huns and Ostrogoths also moved in. In 920, Kitros was occupied by the Bulgarians after a siege. In Byzantine times, Kitros was one of four centers in the area (with Platamonas , Petra and Kolindros ). In 1185 the place was sacked by Normans . Later it was ruled by the Franks who restored the fortress. Kitros also appears in the diary of the Venetian captain Azolielo ( Ατζολιέλο ), who stayed as a prisoner with the Ottomans after the naval battle of 1470. Azolielo writes:
- “The Sultan stayed in Citro, there are many salt pans there. On the same day we reached the Vardar river and there were special horses there. "
The traveler Nikos Schinas ( Νίκος Σχοινάς ) speaks of Kitros as “a small country estate, less than an hour away from the water, where there are good and safe stairs to the place (formerly the lake of Pydna) and from which one comes to the salt area of Touzla. 80 Christian families live in the village. "
Another mention of Kitros can be found in the Greek traveler Zotos Molossos ( Ζώτο Μολοσσό ). It is “less than an hour from Agianni and 1/2 hour from the ruins of Pydna. There is a harbor here where large ships can moor ... The elders of the Kitros eparchy live in Kolindros ... “Kitros was destroyed in 1878.
Many residents were among the participants in Macedonomachy (the battle for Macedonia). In more recent times Kitros was an estate that belonged to a certain Nikolaos Bitzios ( Νικόλαος Μπίτζιος ). During the Second World War , the Germans landed there and from there conquered the entire area around Thermaikos (Θερμαϊκός). Today Kitros consists of three residential areas. On the one hand the settlement of the long-time residents , on the other hand the younger settlements Kavakli ( Καβακλί ) and Banas ( Μπάνας ). The last settlements were made in 1926 with refugees from Rumelia . On November 13, 1943, the resistance fighters Evangelos Manolopoulos ( Ευάγγελος Μανωλόπουλος ) and Evangelos Theologs ( Ευάγγελος Θεολόγης ) were executed on the airfield of Katerini . On October 20, 1944, the National Socialists left the area via the harbor. They used the saltworks station and blew up the ammunition dump.
With the spelling Pidna (Πίδνα) Kitros was recognized as a rural community (kinotita) in 1918, the renaming to Pydna took place in 1940, the elevation to the urban community (dimos) with the community reform in 1997, when numerous neighboring towns were incorporated.
Christianity in Kitros
In 303 the blessed Alexander ( Αλέξανδρος ) died in Pydna in persecution by Maximian . Since then, the saint has been venerated by Orthodox Christians in Pieria and the Balkans . The episcopal see was established between the sixth and seventh centuries. The first bishop known by name was a certain Germanos ( Γερμανός ), who participated in the Council of Constantinople in 867. Since the time of Leo VI. ( Λέοντα ΣΤ΄ , 886–912) was subordinate to the bishop of the Metropolitan Region of Thessaloniki . On October 7, 1924, the bishopric was elevated to the status of a metropolis and in 1928 by a decree of the Patriarch, together with other metropolises of the New Territories ( Μητροπόλεις των Νέων Χωρών ), it was subordinated to the autocephalous Church of Greece .
Catholic Church
The titular bishopric Citrus exists in the Catholic Church. However, the title has not been awarded since 1965.
Infrastructure
Kitros now has a five-class elementary school and a kindergarten, an agricultural cooperative, a hospital, football and wrestling club ( Αλέξανδρος Δήμου Πύδνας Κολινδρού - Alexandros Dimou Pydna Kolindrou), as well as a cultural association called "Mas Pydna" (ΜΑΣ Πύδν, 1978) . Buildings worth seeing are the churches of Agios Konstantinos and Eleni ( Άγιος Κωνσταντίνος και Ελένη ), Profitis Elias ( Προφήτης Ηλίας ) and Agios Georgios ( Άγιος Γεώργιος ).
Festivals & culture
The most important folk custom in Kitros is the festival of Ethimo tis Babos ( Έθιμο της Μπάμπως ) on January 8th (day of St. Domenica). On this day the women take control of the village and drive the men out of the cafés. This custom was introduced from Rumelia and has been practiced since the 1930s.
The feast of Holy Tryphon ( Τρύφων ) on February 1st goes back to the immigrants. It is celebrated in the Kavlaki settlement and combines Christian and Dionysian elements. Among other things, there is a fight between an old man and a boy. The younger one, who usually wins, receives a rooster.
literature
- Alekos Angelidis ( Αλέκος Αγγελίδης ): Αναδρομή στην Ιστορία της Μακεδονίας (Journey into the History of Macedonia), εκδόσεις ΜΑΤΙ , 1992.
- I.Ph. Kaztaridis ( Ι Φ Καζταρίδης.. ): Η Μακεδονία κατά την Τουρκοκρατία: Η Πιερία των περιηγητών και των γεωγράφων , εκδ. Μάτι, Κατερίνη 2002 .
- Stuart Rossiter : Guide to Greece. (Blue Guide Greece, Ernest Benn, London 1981.) CH Beck, Munich / P. Efstathiadis, Athens 1982, ISBN 3-406-09251-9 , p. 587
Individual evidence
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece ( ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ ) ( Memento from January 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ↑ " στο Κίτρος (Citro) διανυκτέρευσε ο Σουλτάνος και εκεί ήσαν πολλές αλυκές. Στα μέρη αυτά βρίσκεται ο ποταμός Βαρδάρ και υπάρχουν εξαιρετικοί ίπποι ".
- ↑ τσιφλίκιον, απέχον ώρα του αιγιαλού, όπου υπάρχει καλή και ασφαλής σκάλα του χωρίον ρανλή. Το χωρίον οικείται υπό 80 οικογενειών χριστιανικών. IF Katzaridi (Καζταρίδη Ι. Φ.), Η Πιερία των περιηγητών και των γεωγράφων (The Pieria of Travelers and Geographers), pp. 180-181.
- ↑ Απέχει "1 ώρα από Αγιάννη και 2.1 ώρας από ερείπια της Πύδνας. Εκεί έχει το επίνειό της, ίνα προσορμίζουσιν μεγάλα πλοία ... Αι αρχαί της Επαρχίας Κίτρους εδρεύουσι εις Κολινδρόν ..."
- ↑ Έθιμο της Μπάμπως στο Κίτρος ( memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Εφημερίδα ΕΠΤΑ, τ. 60 , January 2006
