Loudias
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Loudias Λουδίας (Greek) |
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 View in the lower reaches of the river. |
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| Data | ||
| location | Greece , Central Macedonia | |
| River system | Loudias | |
| source | Central Macedonia, near Aravissos | |
| muzzle |
Thermaic Golf Coordinates: 40 ° 31 '50 " N , 22 ° 41' 46" E 40 ° 31 '50 " N , 22 ° 41' 46" E |
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| Mouth height |
0 m
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| length | 39 km | |
| Catchment area | 1409 km² | |
| Drain |
MQ |
23 m³ / s |
| Flowing lakes | Giannitsa lake (now drained) | |
| Small towns | Pieria , Giannitsa , Pella (Macedonia) | |
The Loudias ( Greek Λουδίας even Lydia Λυδίας and Lidias Λοιδίας ( m. Sg. ), Also traditionally Mavroneri Μαυρονέρι, black water ', Turkish Kara Azmak , slaw./ Macedonian Колудеј Koludej ) is a river in Central Macedonia with approximately 40 km in length. It flows in the Central Macedonian Plain and pours near the mouth of the Axios into the Thermaic Gulf . Its course was changed several times by changes in the landscape.
The village Loudias ( ⊙ ) in the municipality of Chalkidona is named after the river. Another village called Plugar was renamed Loudias in 1926 and was in the Galatades district of the municipality of Pella .
course
The course of the Loudias begins with a watercourse that begins in the area of the former Giannitsa Lake about eight kilometers southwest of Krya Vryssi and initially runs as a ditch in a northeastern direction. In the vicinity of the rowing center of the Nautical Club of Giannitsa (gr. Ναυτικός Όμιλος Γιαννιτσών) south of the city, further trenches flow towards it, which are also fed by natural tributaries from various streams from the Paiko. The longest of them, called Grammos (Γράμμος), has its source west of the main peak Gola Tsouka des Paiko, north of the village of Elefthochori and is therefore the natural headwaters of the Loudias. The sources of Aravissos are diverted to the drinking water supply of Thessaloniki and no longer flow into the river system of the Loudias.
After these junctions, the Loudias turns canalised to the east, turns south again near Mikro Monastiri ( ⊙ ) and meanders to Loudias in a semi-natural bed to the southeast. From there it turns more strongly to the south and is channeled again from the delimitation of the Kymina municipality of the Delta municipality . Then the Greek cross it A 2 , and it runs fairly straight to Thermaikos Gulf , where it between the mouths of the Axios (about one kilometer east) and the Aliakmon (further south several kilometers) flows into the sea. There are mussel farms near the mouth.
- The Loudias in Giannitsa
history
In the past, the waters of the Voras , Vermio and Paiko mountains collected in the Giannitsa lake and flowed from there to the Thermaic Gulf. The river is already mentioned by Herodotus and other ancient writers. Herodotus writes that the river is navigable up to the then Macedonian capital Pella and that it unites with the Aliakmonas . However, the details are inconsistent. Herodotus locates it between Imathia and Bottiaia , while Skylax locates its mouth there. Strabo calculates its length with 120 stages (about 22 km).
In the 19th century, the wetland gained importance in the conflict between Greece and the Ottoman Empire. From 1900 on, armed clashes took place in the south of Giannitsa between the Turkish occupation forces and Bulgarian insurgents on the one hand and Greek insurgents on the other. In addition to the Greek rebels, Bulgarian rebels also used the Giannitsa Lake and its wetland as a retreat during armed actions, against Turkish occupation forces, but also against the Greek population themselves. The officer Tellos Agras , who tried the area with a small group of fighters, became famous to bring under Greek control. His life became known and popular in Greece in particular through the historical novel Sta mystiká tou váltou ( Στα μυστικά του Βάλτου 'In the secrets of the swamp' ) by the Pinelopi Delta . In October 1912, Giannitsa moved to the center of the First Balkan War with the Battle of Giannitsa. Greek troops defeated the Ottoman army between November 1st and 2nd, 1912.
At the turn of the 20th century, the Loudias itself flowed shortly before its confluence with the Axios. The Giannitsa Lake and the unstable marshland around it were drained in the years 1926–1932 by the New York Company Foundation and various tributaries were diverted. The river Moglenitsas - formerly also Ano Loudias ('upper Loudias') - for example, is now passed through a canal ( Tafos 66 ) northwest of the catchment area and fed to the Aliakmonas . Today the Loudias mainly transports the waters from Mount Paiko. The river was partially canalized.
After the Greek defeat in 1922, Greece and Turkey agreed on a so-called population exchange in the Treaty of Lausanne 1923 , which included the forced resettlement of 1.5 million Greek Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece and 0.5 million Muslims from Greece to Turkey determined. The majority of the Turkish population in Giannitsa was affected by this: all Turkish residents left Giannitsa between 1923 and 1926 and had to relocate to Turkey. The Bulgarian Orthodox population left Giannitsa for Bulgaria at the same time. The Greek population was increased by the settlement of refugees from Eastern Thrace and Anatolia.
economy
Today cotton and vegetables are mainly grown on the fertile alluvial land. The Giannitsa Rowing Center is a popular training facility for international water sports teams.
Attractions
In addition to the A 2 ( ⊙ ) there is also the listed ruin of a bridge over the Via Egnatia from Roman times. The river ran there until the canal was built.
Today four bridges cross the river. A railway bridge on the Thessaloniki – Florina line and three road bridges for the highways from Chalkidona to Veria , from Giannitsa to Alexandria and the A 2 motorway bridge .
Trivia
The Greek poet Menelaos Loundemis chose his pseudonym after the name of the river; he grew up on what was then the upper reaches of Exaplatanos.
literature
- New encyclopedic lexicon Ilios (Νεώτερον Εγκυκλοπαιδικόν Λεξικόν Ηλίου), vol. 12, p. 549
- Description of the waters of the Central Macedonian Plain (Greek)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Data on the river on axiosdelta.gr ( Memento of the original from January 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Entry in the database of the EETAA (Greek Society for Development and Decentralization) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ AP Tragopoulos et al: Εκτίμηση της ποιότητας των υδάτων του ποταμού Λουδία και των παραποτάμων του , study, Thessaloniki 2010 ( PDF online ( Memento of the original March 5, 2016 Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link is automatically inserted and not yet tested Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. )
- ↑ Presentation on giannitsa.gr
- ↑ Herodotus , Historia vii.127.1.
- ↑ Skylax , Periplus 67; Claudius Ptolemy , Geographia iii.12 y sigs.
- ↑ Strabon , Geographia, vii, frg. 20; 20c.
- ↑ Penelopi Delta, Στα μυστικά του βάλτου, Estia, Athens, first edition 1937 ( Book information of the University of Crete, Rethymno 2009 ( Memento of the original from December 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check Original and archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. ) (Greek)
- ^ General map of Central Europe , Franzisco-Josephinische Landesaufnahme
- ↑ History of the Thermaic Gulf ( Memento of the original from March 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Presentation of the rowing center on pella-net.gr (Greek)
