Small-headed Pippau

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Small-headed Pippau
Small-headed Pippau (Crepis capillaris)

Small-headed Pippau ( Crepis capillaris )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Pippau ( Crepis )
Type : Small-headed Pippau
Scientific name
Crepis capillaris
( L. ) Wallr.

The small-headed Pippau ( Crepis capillaris ), also Kleinblütiger Pippau or Green Pippau called, is a plant of the genus Pippau ( Crepis ) in the subfamily of Cichorioideae within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It is common in Europe and a neophyte in temperate areas almost all over the world .

description

illustration
Flower heads with ray florets in detail
Achenes with pappus
Small-headed Pippau ( Crapis capillaris )

Vegetative characteristics

The small-headed Pippau is an annual herbaceous plant . The size is variable depending on the location and ranges from 10 to 100 centimeters. The plant contains milky sap. Stems and leaves are hairless or covered with a few yellowish hairs.

The majority of the pinnately split leaves are basal. The leaves on the stem are sessile and have an arrow-shaped base. In contrast to the similar Dach-Pippau , these leaves are not rolled up at the edge and have a fresh green color.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is at the beginning of summer from May to June, but can also last until November. The total inflorescence contains many cup-shaped partial inflorescences . The flower heads have a diameter of 10 to 15 millimeters and the envelope measures about 5 millimeters. The outer husks of the flower heads are often bent toward inside to it, or they lie flat on it, they are hairy fluffy. The flower heads contain only ray florets . The ray-flowers are golden yellow, often a little reddish on the outside.

The fruit is an achene . The pappus is arranged in several rows and is white. The pappus rays are unbranched, flexible and spreading when dry.

genetics

Leaf and root meristems show metaphases with a low number of chromosomes : 2n = 6. The (haploid) genome has 1 C = 2.10 pg DNA.

ecology

The small-headed Pippau is a mesomorphic, summer annual or winter annual therophyte .

The flower heads have a low UV reflection on the inside and a high level on the outside and therefore appear two-colored to the pollinators. The pollination is carried by flies and bees .

It is an umbrella flyer. In addition, random distribution made by the goldfinch and carryover as a component of grass mixtures.

Occurrence

The small-headed Pippau is widespread in western and southwestern Europe, in Central Europe it could have been introduced as an archaeophyte . It can now be found worldwide in the temperate zones. In the Alps, it rises to altitudes of around 1300 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, in Vorarlberg at the mountain station of the Kanzelwand cable car, it rises up to 1920 m above sea level.

The small-headed Pippau growing spread in little skinny meadows and pastures or in the park lawn of the lowlands , even in weeds corridors at ways in dumps and wastelands . It thrives best on fresh subsoil that is low in lime and nitrogen . According to Ellenberg , it is a semi-light plant, widespread in the ocean, a pointer of freshness and an association character of the ryegrass crested willow ( Cynosurion ). According to Oberdorfer, it is a character species of the Crepido capillaris-Festucetum rubrae in Central Europe, but also occurs in societies of the Arrhenatherion or Dauco-Melilotion associations.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 540 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 , pp. 993 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Emil Heitz : Elements of Botany. Instructions for studying the plant through observations and experiments on Crepis capillaris (L.) Wall. Springer, Vienna 1950. There p. 86ff: Chromosomes.
  2. ^ MD Bennett, IJ Leitch: Plant DNA C-values ​​Database (6.0, December 2012).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.kew.org  
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 684.
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  996 .

Web links

Commons : Small-headed Pippau ( Crepis capillaris )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files