Stammheim small fort
| Stammheim small fort | |
|---|---|
| limes | ORL - ( RLK ) |
| Route (RLK) | Upper German Limes, route 4 (Wetterau route) |
| Dating (occupancy) | unsure |
| Type | Small fort |
| unit | unknown |
| size | 19 × 19 m = 360 m² |
| Construction | Stone fort |
| State of preservation | Ground monument |
| place | Florstadt - Stammheim |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 18 '45.2 " N , 8 ° 55' 22.9" E |
| height | 174 m above sea level NHN |
| Previous |
Small fort Staden (north-northwest) |
| Subsequently | ORL 20: Altenstadt Fort (south-south-east) |
| Backwards | ORL 19: Fort Ober-Florstadt (west-north-west) |
The small fort in Stammheim was a Roman fort on the Wetterau line of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes . It was located near Stammheim , a district of Florstadt in the Wetterau district . Nothing is visible of the system today.
location
The Stammheim small fort is located to the east on a hill above the modern village on a dirt road (parcel "Over the sand gardens"). At the time of the Reichs-Limeskommission (RLK) it was also known as the “small fort near the Friedenslinde” or Wachtposten 5/95 (at that time the corridor “Am Kirschbaum”). To the east of the fort, a ravine cuts deep into the terrain, from which the fort is about 30 m away. Today nothing can be seen of the facility above ground, as it is located in an area that is now heavily used for agriculture.
Fort
The small fort was discovered and excavated in 1886 by the track commissioner Friedrich Kofler . Kofler was able to prove a three meter wide wall, which was rounded at the corners with a radius of 5.75 m. With a total size of 19 × 19 m, the fort included an inner area of 13 × 13 m, which corresponds to 360 m².
The fort was probably manned by the Ober-Florstadt fort and the cohort there , about 2.6 km behind the Limes , just like the small fort in Staden to the north .
Limes course from the small fort in Stammheim to fort Altenstadt
The Limes passes the fort area immediately to the east. It initially leads through a heavily used agricultural area and is not visible. A short section is only preserved on the hill of the winter mountain in the forest. To the south of the mountain, the Limes again runs on arable land and steep terrain, as it enters the valley of the Nidder . It has not been preserved in the area of the Altenstadt fort. Well-preserved sections follow south of Altenstadt shortly before the small fort "Auf dem Buchkopf" , again in wooded terrain.
| ORL | Name / place | Description / condition |
|---|---|---|
| NN | Stammheim small fort | see above |
| Wp 4 / 95a | Gap reason | Suspected due to the distance between the small fort and Wp 4/96. |
| Wp 4/96 | In the Stammheim forest |
When the RLK found it in 1886, the tower on the Winterberg was already badly damaged by a quarry. The wooden tower site is cut off by a forest path, while the eastern part of the stone tower site fell victim to the quarry. It was located 28 m behind the Limes, the wooden tower about 30 m away. Between the banks of the Main and Wp 4/64 (east of Arnsburg Fort ), Wp 4/96 occupies the highest point of the entire Limes section. However, the view of the hinterland is blocked by the mountain to the west.
With the exception of the quarry area in the high forest, the stake is well preserved and can be easily followed up to a slope about 60 m from the southern end of the forest at 4/97. It crosses a deep hollow, which shows how much importance the Romans attached to drawing a straight line. |
| Wp 4/97 | Presumably on a ledge of the winter mountain, possibly also destroyed by a small quarry. | |
| Wp 4/98 | Wieschesgraben | Finds of terra sigillata fragments and chunks of mortar from 1911 make the location of another watchtower probable. The distance to Wp 4/96 is 1140 m. Scheduled excavations did not take place. |
| Wp 4 / 98a | Another tower location is suspected between Wp 4/98 and the Altenstadt fort, as the distance is over 1000 m. Readings of stones and terra sigillata could be related to this, but did not enable reliable localization. | |
| ORL 20 | Altenstadt Castle | see separate article Altenstadt Castle |
Monument protection
As part of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes, the fort and the facilities mentioned have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage since 2005 . There are also ground monuments according to the Hessian Monument Protection Act . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.
See also
literature
- Eduard Anthes, Friedrich Kofler and Wilhelm Soldan: stretches 4 and 5 (the Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near the Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg). The route description. In: Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreiches / Abt. A, Vol. 2, routes 4 and 5 (The Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg) , 1936, pp. 143–146.
- Dietwulf Baatz in: D. Baatz and Fritz-Rudolf Herrmann (eds.): The Romans in Hessen . 3. Edition. 1989. Licensed edition Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-58-9 , pp. 408f.
- Dietwulf Baatz: The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube. 4th edition. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2347-0 , p. 166.
- Christian Fleer: Typification and function of the small buildings on the Limes. In: E. Schallmayer (Ed.): Limes Imperii Romani. Contributions to the specialist colloquium “Limes World Heritage Site” in November 2001 in Lich-Arnsburg. Bad Homburg v. d. H. 2004, ISBN 3-931267-05-9 , pp. 75-92 (Saalburg-Schriften 6).
Remarks
- ↑ ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes
- ↑ KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell.
- ↑ Wp = W oh p east, watch tower. The number before the slash denotes the Limes section, the number after the slash denotes the respective watchtower.
- ↑ At about 50 ° 18 '29.5 " N , 8 ° 55' 34.72" O .
- ↑ At 50 ° 18 '11.9 " N , 8 ° 55' 44.76" O .
- ↑ At 50 ° 18 '12.68 " N , 8 ° 55' 44.4" O .
- ↑ At about 50 ° 17 '56.92 " N , 8 ° 55' 55.59" O .
- ↑ At about 50 ° 17 '38.55 " N , 8 ° 56' 8.25" O .
- ↑ At about 50 ° 17 '27.71 " N , 8 ° 56' 16.85" O .
Individual evidence
- ↑ ORL A 2 line 4 p. 144f.
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Lochmühle small fort | Kapersburg Castle | Small fort Ockstädter Wald | Small fort Kaisergrube | Small fort "Am Eichkopf" | Langenhain Castle | Small fort Hunnenkirchhof | Butzbach Castle | Small fort Degerfeld | Small fort Dicker Wald | Small fort in Holzheimer Unterwald | Small fort Hainhaus | Arnsburg Castle | Small fort Langsdorf | Feldheimer Wald small fort | Small fort "Auf dem Wingertsberg" | Inheiden Fort | Small fort Massohl | Small fort at the castle | Haselheck small fort | Echzell Castle | Lochberg small fort | Small fort Staden | Fort Ober-Florstadt | Small fort Stammheim | Altenstadt Castle | Small fort "on the book head"