Haselheck small fort

Haselheck small fort
limes	ORL Wp 4/85 ( RLK )
Route (RLK)	Upper German Limes, ; route 4 ; (Wetterau route)
Dating (occupancy)	approx. 110–125 AD to 160–175 AD
Type	Small fort
unit	unknown
size	approx. 61 × 64 m = 3900 m²
Construction	Stone fort
State of preservation	Ground monument, not visible
place	Echzell
Geographical location	50 ° 23 '18.1 " N , 8 ° 54' 5.7" E Coordinates: 50 ° 23 '18.1 " N , 8 ° 54' 5.7" E
height	130 m above sea level NHN
Previous	Small fort on the castle ; (north)
Subsequently	Small fort Lochberg ; (south)
Backwards	ORL 19: Echzell Fort ; (west)

The Haselheck small fort , also Haselhecke small fort or according to the numbering of the Imperial Limes Commission Wp 4/85 , was a Roman fort on the Wetterau line of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes . It was located east of the municipality of Echzell in the Wetterau district in Hesse .

location

Coming from Fort Inheiden , the Limes runs east of the Horloffsenke approximately in the NS direction. The small fort was located on today's edge of the forest 25 m behind the Limes and 1.3 km from Echzell fort , which was on the western side of the Horloff.

Today nothing can be seen of the small fort in the field. A stone with an inscription plaque to the north of Bisseser Strasse indicates the complex.

Plan in the Limeswerk

Map of Echzell Castle and Haselheck Small Fort

Condition of the site in 2007

Fort

The fort was discovered in 1886 by the later track commissioner Friedrich Kofler and documented by several smaller cuts. The fort had a stone wall, almost two meters wide, made of rubble stones, rounded at the corners with a radius of just under ten meters. Most of the wall had broken out. There was a 4.5 m wide and up to one meter deep trench in front of the wall. A goal was not proven.

The fort took up an area of approx. 61 x 64 m and is one of the largest known structures of this type on the Upper German Limes. Possibly it is already a small numerus fort . Since nothing is known about the interior development and no further excavations were carried out, this cannot be finally clarified.

Bath building

Kofler examined an elongated building 20 m north-northeast of the fort in more detail. It is a small in-line bath building (i.e. the baths were arranged one behind the other in an axis) with five rooms. A screed floor could be detected in two rooms. In addition to its shape, the function of the building results from the findings of numerous hypocaust bricks . Bathing buildings near small fortes are rather rare and can only be found from a size of 0.3 hectares. Few parallels on the Limes are known from the Freimühle small fort and possibly the Haselburg small fort and the Hainhaus small fort .

Dating

Some of the bricks from the bathing building were stamped with Legio XXII Primigenia . From this, the complex can be dated at the earliest to the end of the reign of Emperor Trajan between 110 and 125 AD. Two coins found are also Trajanic coins. The pottery found suggests that the Haselheck small fort was abandoned between 160 and 175 AD.

Limes course from Haselheck small fort to Lochberg small fort

The Limes runs for long stretches north and south of the small fort through heavily agricultural or built-up areas and is not visible. A short section has been preserved in the forest south of the fort. The Limes cuts through a burial mound field from the older Iron Age ( Hallstatt period ) with around 20 hills. The grave mounds are well preserved and were examined at the beginning of the 1980s by the State Office for Monument Preservation of Hesse . To the south of this, the Limes leaves today's forest area again from the forester's house and is not visible.

ORL	Name / place	Description / condition
NN	Haselheck small fort	see above
Wp 4/85	Hazel tail	In 1899, between the northeast corner of the small fort and the bath, Wilhelm Soldan discovered a ring trench with a diameter of 20–21.5 m. The moat obviously belonged to a wooden tower that preceded the small fort. Post pits were not discovered. The stone fort took the place of the wooden tower instead of the expected stone tower.
Wp 4/86	supposed	Possibly to be identified with a find report from Soldans 1901, (“broken fragments and traces of mortar”) 1000 m south of the Haselheck small fort.
Wp 4/87	supposed	Presumed based on the distance between the two small forts Haselheck and Lochberg.
Wp 4/88	supposed	Presumed based on the distance between the two small forts Haselheck and Lochberg.
Wp 4/89	Lochberg fort	see separate article Small fort Lochberg

Monument protection

The Haselheck small fort and the facilities mentioned have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage as a section of the Upper German-Raetian Limes since 2005 . It is also a ground monument in the sense of the Hessian Monument Protection Act . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

literature

Eduard Anthes , Friedrich Kofler and Wilhelm Soldan: stretches 4 and 5 (the Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near the Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg). The route description. In: Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreiches / Abt. A, Vol. 2, routes 4 and 5 (The Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg) , 1936, p. 134f.
Dietwulf Baatz in: D. Baatz and Fritz-Rudolf Herrmann (eds.): The Romans in Hessen . 3. Edition. 1989. Licensed edition Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-58-9 , pp. 407f.
Dietwulf Baatz: The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube. 4th edition. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2347-0 , p. 164.
Christian Fleer: Typification and function of the small buildings on the Limes. In: E. Schallmayer (Ed.): Limes Imperii Romani. Contributions to the specialist colloquium “Limes World Heritage Site” in November 2001 in Lich-Arnsburg. Bad Homburg v. d. H. 2004, ISBN 3-931267-05-9 , pp. 75-92, especially p. 86 (Saalburg-Schriften 6).
Vera Rupp and Heide Birley: Hikes on the Wetteraulimes. Archaeological hikes on the Limes from the Köpperner Tal in Taunus to the Drususeiche near Limeshain. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1551-0 (= Guide to Hessian Pre- and Early History, 6) pp. 166–179.

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b W p = W oh p east, watch tower. The number before the slash denotes the Limes section, the number after the slash denotes the respective watchtower.
↑ ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes.
↑ KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell.
↑ At 50 ° 23 '20 " N , 8 ° 54' 7.71" O .50.388888888889 8.9021416666667
↑ At about 50 ° 22 '50.06 " N , 8 ° 54' 1.65" O .50.380572222222 8.9004583333333
↑ At about 50 ° 22 '26.91 " N , 8 ° 53' 56.33" O .50.374141666667 8.8989805555556
↑ At about 50 ° 22 '0.08 " N , 8 ° 53' 51.33" O .50.366688888889 8.8975916666667

Individual evidence

↑ Description of the excavation findings by Eduard Anthes, Friedrich Kofler and Wilhelm Soldan: stretches 4 and 5 (the Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near the Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg). The route description. In: Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (Ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roman Empire / Abt. A, Vol. 2, routes 4 and 5 (The Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg) , 1936, pp. 134–138.
↑ ^a ^b Christian Fleer: Typification and function of the small buildings on the Limes. In: Egon Schallmayer (Ed.): Limes Imperii Romani. Contributions to the specialist colloquium “Limes World Heritage Site” in November 2001 in Lich-Arnsburg. Bad Homburg v. d. H. 2004, p. 86 (Saalburg-Schriften 6).
↑ On the grave mounds see Fritz-Rudolf Herrmann, Albrecht Jockenhövel : Die Prehistory Hessens. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8062-0458-6 , p. 350; Vera Rupp, Heide Birley: Hikes on the Wetteraulimes. Archaeological hikes on the Limes from the Köpperner Tal in Taunus to the Drususeiche near Limeshain. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1551-0 ( Guide to Hessian Pre- and Early History 6 ) pp. 168f.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Eduard Anthes, Friedrich Kofler and Wilhelm Soldan: Routes 4 and 5 (the Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near the Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg). The route description. In: Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (Ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roman Empire / Abt. A, Vol. 2, routes 4 and 5 (The Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg) , 1936, p. 138.

[wp-1] W p = W oh p east, watch tower. The number before the slash denotes the Limes section, the number after the slash denotes the respective watchtower.

[5] ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes.

[6] KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell.

[7] At 50 ° 23 '20 " N , 8 ° 54' 7.71" O .50.388888888889 8.9021416666667

[8] At about 50 ° 22 '50.06 " N , 8 ° 54' 1.65" O .50.380572222222 8.9004583333333

[10] At about 50 ° 22 '26.91 " N , 8 ° 53' 56.33" O .50.374141666667 8.8989805555556

[11] At about 50 ° 22 '0.08 " N , 8 ° 53' 51.33" O .50.366688888889 8.8975916666667

[2] Description of the excavation findings by Eduard Anthes, Friedrich Kofler and Wilhelm Soldan: stretches 4 and 5 (the Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near the Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg). The route description. In: Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (Ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roman Empire / Abt. A, Vol. 2, routes 4 and 5 (The Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg) , 1936, pp. 134–138.

[fleer-3] Christian Fleer: Typification and function of the small buildings on the Limes. In: Egon Schallmayer (Ed.): Limes Imperii Romani. Contributions to the specialist colloquium “Limes World Heritage Site” in November 2001 in Lich-Arnsburg. Bad Homburg v. d. H. 2004, p. 86 (Saalburg-Schriften 6).

[4] On the grave mounds see Fritz-Rudolf Herrmann, Albrecht Jockenhövel : Die Prehistory Hessens. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8062-0458-6 , p. 350; Vera Rupp, Heide Birley: Hikes on the Wetteraulimes. Archaeological hikes on the Limes from the Köpperner Tal in Taunus to the Drususeiche near Limeshain. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1551-0 ( Guide to Hessian Pre- and Early History 6 ) pp. 168f.

[strecke-9] Eduard Anthes, Friedrich Kofler and Wilhelm Soldan: Routes 4 and 5 (the Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near the Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg). The route description. In: Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (Ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roman Empire / Abt. A, Vol. 2, routes 4 and 5 (The Wetterau line from the Köpperner Tal near Saalburg to the Main near Gross-Krotzenburg) , 1936, p. 138.