Bite

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Bite
municipality Echzell
Coordinates: 50 ° 23 ′ 48 ″  N , 8 ° 54 ′ 10 ″  E
Height : 130  (124-138)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.31 km²  [LAGIS]
Residents : 707  (December 31, 2008)
Population density : 306 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st October 1971
Postal code : 61209
Area code : 06008

Bisses is a part of the municipality Echzell in the Hessian Wetteraukreis . The place is northeast of Echzell in the Wetterau . The Horloff flows near the village .

history

limes

The Limes ran past the western outskirts. Around 800 m away from the southern edge of the settlement of the former village, the remains of a Roman fort were discovered on the "Haselheck" at the end of the 19th century.

Place name and first mention

The place was probably settled around 800 to 900 AD. The place name Bisses is derived from “Biso.” Accordingly, Bisses means “home of the Biso.” However, Karl Weigand derived the name Bisses from mhd. “Biscz” and interpreted it as “barren, unproductive soil” and “bad wax”.

The village is said to have been founded in the 12th century.

Bisses was first mentioned in a document on July 24, 1361. The Squire "Wernher von Byeses" and his wife Else sold the provost Rudolf Rule to Wetzlar on this day goods in Rendel .

The Bisses moated castle on the eastern edge of the village probably came from this time . This castle was destroyed at the latest after the Thirty Years War .

On May 23, 1384, the nobleman Friedrich von Echzell declared a foundation for himself and his late wife Gude from a farm in Bisses. It was called "Bunenhof" and was located next to Rupiln Zymmermann's farm.

Fulda Mark

In the Middle Ages, Bisses belonged to the Fuldische Mark and was in the area of ​​the Echzeller forest. The north-eastern border of the Fuldische Mark was formed by the Landwehr on the border with Utphe , “an important ditch which is in one area between the Grund-Schwalheimer , Echzeller and previously district boundaries remaining width of about 8 fathoms. "Around 1830 the ditch is said to have been overgrown with" bushes and ancient trees. "

During the Thirty Years' War, the village, like the rest of the Fulda Mark, suffered particularly in 1622 under the troops of Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld . The Mansfeld War Damage Register names 36 people affected in Bisses alone.

Castle loan

From the end of the 14th to the middle of the 15th century, the Fulda castle loan was in the possession of the Lords of Lüder , then came into the possession of the Lords of Doernberg , before the von Buchenau family took it over at the beginning of the 17th century. Then it came by marriage to the von Nagel men . At the beginning of the 18th century, part of the castle estate was inherited from the Barons von Sell. After the Thirty Years' War, a large house was built in the village by the owners of the castle estate, which is given its special status because it faces the street on the eaves side, while the other houses were built on the gable side. Until 1781 the barons of Nagel had patrimonial jurisdiction over Bisses. The castle property was bought on May 12, 1783 by the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt for 23,600 guilders .

In 1830 there were 323 people living in the village, 41 of whom were Jewish, all others were Protestant. 29 were farmers, 19 other “professionals.” The village consisted of 54 houses.

Witch hunt

The witch hunt in the office of Bingenheim happened during the reign of Landgrave Wilhelm Christoph (Hessen-Homburg) . A contemporary chronicle reports about it: "First Brandt the pig shepherd von Bisses, whose neck the wicked feeindt broke in prison." This happened on November 9, 1652. In the same year "the Jud Löw von Bisses was burned alive." A woman died in the summer of 1653 while being tortured.

school

A school has probably existed in Bisses since the beginning of the 17th century. There have been teachers in Bisses since 1651. After the von Nagel family left, the large room in their house was used for school purposes until 1881. This year the new school was inaugurated. After the Second World War , the children from Grund-Schwalheim also attended the school in Bisses until they were incorporated into Echzell.

Church history

In the late Middle Ages , Bisses, Grund-Schwalheim, Gettenau , Reichelsheim and Bingenheim were part of the Echzell church. "Echzel cum Bisses" (Echzell with Bisses) belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus (Mainz) .

The Bisses Evangelical Church was built in the late Gothic period in 1503 .

From 1552 to 1857 Bisses was a branch of the Echzell church. The deacons from Echzell looked after the congregation in Bisses. Then Bisses became an independent parish. But from 1900 the congregation was only administered in the special vicariate. In 1983, Bisses and Gettenau were connected by parish office. Since 2007 the Protestant parishes in Echzell and Bisses have been looked after by a common pastor again. Until his retirement in 2014, this was Pastor Heinz Weber.

Evangelical Church in Bisses. In the roof turret (bell tower) there is a silver bell, which can also be found in the local coat of arms.

Jewish community

A Jew is first mentioned in Bisses in 1575. Jews also lived here in 1624. Of the Jewish institutions in the village, the cemetery, which was expanded in 1886, was preserved. This was also the burial place for Jews from Berstadt in the 19th century . The Jewish cemetery is on the eastern edge of the village. There was also a Jewish school and a synagogue in Bisses . This was moved to Echzell in the second half of the 19th century. In the First World War , nine Jewish fellow citizens served as soldiers, two died. 21 Jewish fellow citizens from Bisses were murdered in concentration camps. Only one Jewish family was able to emigrate in time.

Attractions

  • Protestant Church Bisses
  • Jewish Cemetery
  • Street village with rows of houses at the gable end
  • The former building of the von Nagel family.
  • Village pond

District affiliation

Bisses had belonged to the Nidda district since 1832 and came to the Büdingen district in 1874 after an administrative reform . As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the district of Büdingen merged with the district of Friedberg (Hessen) to form the Wetterau district .

statistics

surface

1854: 1255 acres , of which 990 were fields and 265 were meadows

Residents

1854: 350 inhabitants

The modern bite

On October 1, 1971, Bisses was incorporated into the community of Echzell. There is a senior citizens' residence in the village . Bisses has still retained its character as a street village , although there have been significant changes in the village image since the 1970s.

societies

  • Bisses volunteer fire department
  • Cider Association "Äppelwoifreunde Bisses"
  • Roller club Bisses

literature

  • Hugo Koch, The district of Bisses. In: 1200 years of Echzell. 782-1982. Origin, epochs and structures of a village community. Echzell 1982. ISBN 3-921142-45-8 , pp. 345-350.
  • Petra Stöppler, Walter Stoll, family book of the Protestant parishes of Gettenau and Echzell. Gettenau and Bisses 2001. = Deutsche Ortssippenbücher ed. from the Central Office for Personal and Family History. Vol. 639. ISBN 978-3-86424-011-9 .
  • Heinrich Wagner, art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Province of Upper Hesse. Büdingen district. Darmstadt 1890. On Bisses: p. 23 f.
  • Literature about Bisses in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Bisses  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Wagner , Art Monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Province of Upper Hesse. Büdingen district. Darmstadt 1890, p. 24.
  2. ^ Wilhelm Christoph Friedrich Arnold , Settlements and migrations of German tribes mostly based on Hessian place names. 1. Theil Marburg 1875, p. 428.
  3. ↑ Hugo Koch, The district of Bisses, p. 345.
  4. ^ Karl Ludwig Weigand, Upper Hessian place names. In: Archive for Hessian History VII, 1853, pp. 247–332, p. 326.
  5. ↑ Karl Christian August Hoffmann, Ueber Echzell and the Fuldische Mark from the estate of the late church councilor and first pastor of Echzell Dr. theol. Christian August Hoffmann of Darmstadt. In: Archives for Hessian History VII, 1856, pp. 379–425, the Fuldische Mark, p. 394.
  6. ↑ Ludwig Baur, Arnsburger Urkundenbuch, No. 892, p. 546 f.
  7. ↑ Ludwig Baur, Hessian documents. Vol. 1-5. Darmstadt 1860–1873, Vol. I, p. 790, no. 1184.
  8. ↑ Georg Landau , description of the Gau Gaues Wettereiba. Kassel 1855, p. 12 f.
  9. ↑ Karl Christian August Hoffmann, Ueber Echzell and the Fuldische Mark from the estate of the late church councilor and first pastor of Echzell Dr. theol. Christian August Hoffmann of Darmstadt. In: Archive for Hessian History VII, 1856, pp. 379-425, the Fuldische Mark, p. 388.
  10. ↑ Hugo Koch, Bisses, ‚p. 346.
  11. ^ Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner , Static = topographical = historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Vol. 3 Upper Hesse. Darmstadt 1830, p. 30 f.
  12. ↑ Hugo Koch, Bisses, p. 346.
  13. ↑ Georg W. Wagner, description, p. 30 f.
  14. ^ Georg Schäfer, The witch of Bingenheim. Upper Hessian folk novel from the time of the witch trials using the existing original texts (1652–1660). Lauterbach 1898, therein directory of the mayor Schöffer, p. 64.
  15. ↑ Reiner Isheim, directory of the witch trials in the Hesse-Bingenheim. In: Echzeller Geschichtshefte 10, 1997, pp. 3–17, pp. 4 f.
  16. ^ Wilhelm Diehl , Hassia sacra, Vol. X, p. 148.
  17. ↑ Hugo Koch, Bisses, p. 347.
  18. ↑ Gerhard Kleinfedt, Hans Weirich, The medieval church organization in Hesse and Nassau. = Writings of the Institute for Regional Studies. Piece XVI. Marburg 1937, p. 126.
  19. ^ Stephan Alexander Würdtwein , Dioecesis Moguntia in Archidiaconatus distincta. Vol. I-IV. 1767 - 1790. III.
  20. ^ Georg Dehio, Ernst Gall, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Southern Hesse., P. 78.
  21. ↑ Eugen Riess, Willy Roth. Berstadt. 2 vol. Rockenberg 2005. ISBN 3-923907-08-7 , vol. 2, p. 71 f.
  22. ↑ bite. In: Monument topography Wetteraukreis I, pp. 209–214.
  23. ^ Paul Arnsberg , The Jewish Communities in Hessen. Beginning - fall - new beginning. 1971. Vol. I, p. 147 f; Dietrich Lucius, On the history of the Jewish community in Echzell and Bisses. In: 1200 years of Echzell. 782-1982. Origin, epochs and structures of a village community. Echzell 1982 pp. 208-211.
  24. ^ Heinrich Wagner, Kunstdenkmäler, p. 24.
  25. ^ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther, The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Darmstadt 1854, p. 450.
  26. ^ Philipp Alexander F. Walther, Das Großherzogthum Hessen, p. 450.
  27. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 352 .
  28. ↑ Hugo Koch, Bisses, p. 350.