Grund-Schwalheim

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Grund-Schwalheim
municipality Echzell
Coordinates: 50 ° 24 ′ 50 ″  N , 8 ° 54 ′ 10 ″  E
Height : 128 m above sea level NHN
Area : 1.93 km²  [LAGIS]
Residents : 27  (Dec 31, 2008)
Population density : 14 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 61209
Area code : 06008

Grund-Schwalheim is the smallest district of the Echzell community in the Wetterau district in Hesse .

Grund-Schwalheim is located directly on the Horloff north of Echzell in the Wetterau . The federal highway 455 runs through the village . The federal motorway 45 runs south of the village .

history

First mention and place name

Between 780 and 817 Grund-Schwalheim was first mentioned as Suabileheim in the Codex Eberhardi . "Rutheri tradidit deo et sancto Bonifatio in Wetereiba in Rodoheimeremarca in villa Suabileheim predia et familiam cum substantia." (German: Ruther gives God and St. Boniface in the Wetterau in the Rodheimer Mark and in Schwalheim property and families with all accessories.)

The Tradent Ruther can also be found in Rodheim (Hungen) and in Dauernheim . The dating is based on the term of office of the two abbots Baugulf von Fulda (780–802) and Ratgar (802–817), the second and third abbots of the Fulda monastery . The last date is always assumed because it is the safest. Accordingly, Grund-Schwalheim will celebrate its 1200th anniversary in 2017, as will the neighboring municipality of Berstadt to the west and Melbach , both districts of Wölfersheim, not far away .

As with Schwalheim , Sualeheim , an der Wetter, the name can be related to mhd. " Swal " = flood, swelling water. Mineral wells are still available in both places today.

Owned by the Augustinian canons

From 1215 the Grund-Schwalheim farm and mill had been owned by the Augustinian canons Schiffenberg . On November 13, 1318, the yard and mill were pledged to the Knights of Elkershausen . Because the monastic discipline was poor, the Schiffenberg Canonical Monastery was dissolved in 1323 by the Archbishop of Trier , Baldwin of Luxembourg .

The property of the women's monastery cell (Schiffenberg) was preserved. They particularly concerned the mill, namely grazing rights and the miller's right to wood . Rights existed to the delivery of the " Mel " and " Grundbaum " from the Markwald Berstadt . In the order of the Markwald Berstadt from 1716, the Grund-Schwalheim millers were still entitled to the wood for the grinder every four years , the so-called " shovel beech ". The prerequisite was that the forester of the Markwald and the Berstädter mayor allowed this.

Owned by the Kommende Schiffenberg

After the Schiffenberg canon monastery was dissolved, the Teutonic Order came into the possession of the Grund-Schwalheim court on August 14, 1323 . The goods were transferred to the Deutschordensballei Hessen . The Grund-Schwalheimer Hof came into the possession of the Teutonic Knight Order on August 14, 1323. The farm was now passed on to the Landsiedelrecht . Since the 13th century, the loan according to "lantsidel right" was preferred by clerical landlords in the Wetterau. The land or the farm was loaned out for a certain period of time. This was done consciously in contrast to the inheritance. In the 14th century, the hereditary properties of leased property were preferred again. The advantages were that there was no need to look for new tenants and no compensation for investments made by the tenant.

The "continuation of the contractual relationship gradually developed a common law". The renewed handover required formal confirmation. Johann Wais had signed a contract with the Schiffenberg family in 1333. “ Johannes genat wise knights from Echzile and Irmingarth myn eliche bettevrauwe ” received on April 23, 1333 “ ... to hus, to howe, to eckern, to veldin, to weldin, to wysin, to wazzere and pasture allene deme rights, lordship and nucze As you might call it ... that heyzit Schiffinburg raised called Swalheim bie Berstad “to the state settlement rights of the Teutonic Knights Marburg .

60 Malter Korn Wetzlarer Maß were to be delivered to the Schiffenberg monastery between the Assumption of Mary and the Birth of Mary as annual interest . Hof Grund-Schwalheim was the only one to deliver the Schiffenberger Kommende to the headquarters . The lords of the order expressly forbade the Johann Waise to turn the unfortified site into a castle-like structure. Johann Wais' son dissolved this contract from 1333 after 35 years " alse von des habis because of Swalheym, which our vadir ande we from in gehaid han to lantsiddelme rights ." Manorial self-management continued even after the time lease against interest was introduced . On September 2, 1386, the Teutonic order lords stipulated that the tenant had to leave the farm if they wanted to " visit the Selbin Hof virkoufhin odir selbir with erin brothers and buwen ."

On January 29, 1339, an arbitration took place between the knight Craft Groppen von Beldersheim , the Schiffenberg monastery and the German lords because of the court and the mill at " Grinten-Swalheim ". Craft Bullhead and his descendants were allowed to use the common pasture and the oak forest. At the same time he was to receive eight cows, twenty pigs, two horses and two donkeys from the farm.

When the Schiffenberg branch received a loan of 300 florins from the Kommende Marburg on September 30, 1372 , they had to provide the court as security. Marburg now had the power of disposal over him. Most of the time Marburg leased the farm for twelve years. The delivery point was relocated from Schiffenberg to Friedberg . Better prices for grain could be obtained at the urban trading center. In 1416 it was determined that the fruit leases from the Schwalheimer Hof were brought to Berstadt and from there to Munzenberg or Lich .

Loan and lease conditions

Land or building improvements were also part of the loan and lease conditions. In the case of major construction work, prior arrangements had to be made: “. .. It is also eloquent that we ... ane huse or an hope or siner belonging to no buwe dun should ane know ... eyns compthurs zu Marpurg . ”A correction contract for the building in Grund-Schwalheim is handed down from November 21, 1468. The farm was then leased for another twelve years. First of all, when visiting the courtyard, the Brothers of the Teutonic Order from Marburg should determine which new buildings or building preservation measures would be necessary. In the event of construction work, the order would deliver or buy lumber and also pay the carpenters. Transport and other costs fell on the tenants.

After the construction work, the value was revalued and it was the tenant's job to maintain this value at the end of the contract. Lending and leasing conditions for a country estate could be changed when leasing a new one, but not during the leasing period. The time period of the land settlement contracts for the Schwalheimer Hof varies between six, nine and twelve years, and accordingly the amount of the grain interest between 26 and 34 times per year. Additional conditions could be included in the lease. In 1333 the tenant sent an additional ten pigs for the religious house on the Schiffenberg for acorn fattening in the leased forests. The tenant took on the cost of feeding the swineherd and servants of the monastery. In addition, he had to let the Schiffenberg cattle graze on the leased land for a while and keep them on the farm. In the winter of 1356/57 the tenant had to look after six pigs and six cows for the newcomer on the farm. " Hagel or here " were recognized as reasons for a reduction in the lease in 1468. The lords of the order should " uff the same year with only halves and only take from other things in the opposite of iren lantseddeln according to the country's custom ."

In 1593 the mill building was renewed by the Beck hereditary estate. During the Thirty Years' War the farm was temporarily given up. In 1629 a comparison was made between the Teutonic Order and the miller Hans Crafft zu Grund-Schwalheim on grazing rights. After 1643 the fees for the tenants were reduced to a minimum. Storms and times of war could therefore reduce the taxes. In 1649 the Schwalheimer Hof was again managed by four courtiers who were supposed to remain tax-free for two years, but had to repair "the dilapidated Gebeuw". However, only the Eichelmann family stayed on the farm as tenants. The income rose so strongly that this family was able to acquire the Mainzer Hof in Berstadt in 1693 and also tried to get a long lease for the Berstädter Mühle.

Dispute over special rights of use

In the 18th century a dispute arose between the Grund-Schwalheim and Häuserhof farms. The complicated legal situation was the trigger. Both farms were located in the Berstädter Mark and had or claimed special rights of use for wood, hay and acorn fattening. At least the house yard is still a contributor to the Markwald Berstadt . In contrast, the oak forest near Grund-Schwalheim belonged to Berstadt, with the miller having special rights to fattening acorns.

More and more hay was needed because of the increasing number of stable feeding. Between 1738 and 1743 there was a dispute between the syndic of the Teutonic Order of Marburg and the heirs of General von Pretlack in Darmstadt , because the tenants of the house yard, which was owned by Pretlack, claimed the hay use in Eichwasem von Grund-Schwalheim. Heunutzen and Hutegerechtigkeit reduced the Landgrave's hunting rights in the Fuldischen Mark .

The local families Koch, Spengler, Schneider and Seim, all farm owners, quarreled between 1853 and 1856 with the heirs of Lieutenant General and Chief Chamberlain Ludwig Freiherr von Pretlack, the von Harnier family, about the redemption of the hat justice on the Grund-Schwalheim estate.

Other owners

Since 1791 the mill has belonged to the inheritance, master miller and customs administrator Johannes Friedrich Beck zu Grund-Schwalheim, who carried out a renovation in 1798. His successor Johann Jacob Löbrich was first tenant of the manorial farm Utphe , then tenant of the Grund-Schwalheimer Hof. He had received the farm in inheritance on December 4, 1771. On May 1, 1777, Johann Henrich Löbrich divided the farm between his four children. The village register from 1577 shows the Grund-Schwalheimer Mühle as belonging to the Landgraviate of Hesse . The mill was now always leased for six years as an inheritance, and finally it was bought by Löberich as an inheritance. In the 18th century, the Grund-Schwalheim farm and mill comprised a total of 710 acres of fields, 68 acres of meadows, 5 acres of gardens, 61 acres of pasture and 38 acres of forest.

The Michaelis Church

The tenants of the Grund-Schwalheimer Hof were obliged to maintain the church there. The patronage was dedicated to Saint Michael . The church patronage was held by the Marburg Teutonic Order Commandery.

On the market days in Grund-Schwalheim, the pastor from Ober-Widdersheim held a service in St. Michael's Church. Market days were the Wednesday after Trinity and on Michaelmas day. Because of the eternal light at Grund-Schwalheim, there was a dispute between the DO-Kommende Marburg and Haus Schiffenberg on the one hand and Eckehard Springel and family on the other hand, which on October 3, 1341 by the knights Werner Kolbendensel and Johann Wais and Edelknecht Meiden von Büdingen was arbitrated.

At the beginning of the 15th century the church roof had to be covered and the building and the fences around the churchyard had to be put in order.

In the inventory list of the Elisabethkirche from 1477 a missal "zu Grinten-Schwalheim" was also mentioned. The church fell into disrepair very quickly after 1800 and was finally completely demolished when the road from Berstadt to Nidda was expanded in 1826/27. At that time the bath was opened in Salzhausen . The font basin of the Grund-Schwalheim church, however, can be seen in the Echzell local museum.

Grund-Schwalheim becomes Hessian

In 1809 Grund-Schwalheim came into the possession of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , which converted the farm and mill into a domain. According to the redemption law of 1848, the domain property was replaced by the tenants at the time in 1855. The repayment of the transfer fee extended over 40 years. At that time, six families with a total of 52 people lived in Grund-Schwalheim.

The then well-known robber Johann Justus Dietz vulgo Lumpen Jost from Aßlar stole "some sheep skins" from the Grund-Schwalheimer Hof. With his cronies and a. Ludwig Funk from Sellnrod , commonly known as Selnröder Ludwig, had previously failed during a break-in in Ober-Widdersheim.

In 1828 the miller Schudt from Dorheim acquired the mill. Around 1840 the Grund-Schwalheim district comprised a total of 936 acres, namely 800 acres of arable land and 136 acres of meadows, pastures and paths as well as a newly created forest.

In 1853 the farms and the mill were incorporated into Ober-Widdersheim , but became independent again in 1924. For this, the residents had to bring their private forest property of 6.3 hectares into the community property.

The place had a post office since the 1930s, which existed for about 20 years. Before that, he was affiliated with the postal agency in Ober-Widdersheim. From 1897 to 1904 the place belonged to Nidda by post . The community was administered by an " incumbent alderman ." In 1933, 48 residents lived in Grund-Schwalheim.

In 1945, the US military government appointed Carl Zulauf, Head of Studies, as mayor of the smallest municipality in the Büdingen district . The inflow had been evacuated to Grund-Schwalheim. Until it was incorporated into Echzell, the place remained ecclesiastically with Ober-Widdersheim and school with Bisses . On December 31, 1970 basic Schwalheim was in the course of administrative reform in Hesse on a voluntary basis in the community Echzell incorporated .

Route in the 18th and 19th centuries

The historical route to Nidda largely corresponds to today's B 455. It was completed in 1828 as far as Grund-Schwalheim. However, a ford crossed the Horloff , which can still be seen south of the mill. Today a bridge leads northwest of the mill over the Horloff. In the 18th century, the Vogelsberger / 85 route of the Imperial Post Office operated by the Thurn and Taxis led from Weidenau (Siegen) to Wetzlar via Gedern and Wohnbach through the Berstädter district and through the Horlofffurt near Grund-Schwalheim. According to the visit report of the post director of the princely thurn and taxis post office, Franz Ludwig von Berberich, the Gederner Post reached the “ Salzsude von Nidda vorbey, the Schwalheimer Mühl, Berschstadt ” in 5½ hours on the way back via Nidda . " Bey the Schwallheimer Mühle (is) the Schwallheimer Bach " to cross. " The paths are up to the 4th hour from Geedern remote Schwallheimer Mühle mountain and stone, but from here to Wohnbach flat and good ."

statistics

surface

  • 1840: District 936 acres , including 800 arable land, 136 meadows and pastures
  • 1961: 193 ha , including 6 forest [LAGIS]

Residents

  • 1855: 52 inhabitants
  • 2008: 27 inhabitants
  • 2015: 22 inhabitants

economy

The Wetterau disposal center is located in Grund-Schwalheim with a recycling yard and a mechanical treatment system for household and commercial waste, as well as a waste paper transfer station. The disposal center is a company of Wetterauer Entsorgungsanlagen GmbH, originated from a former garbage transfer station.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mayer zu Ermgassen, Cod.Eberhardi 2, p. 208 Excerpt 114. (Dating from: Edmund Ernst Stengel , UB Kloster Fulda, p. 435 No. 331, preliminary note.)
  2. ↑ Jürgen Steen, Königum und Adel , p. 183
  3. ^ Ernst Friedrich Johann Dronke : Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses (TAF) , cap. 25, Fulda 1844.
  4. ^ Friedrich Kluge , Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, p. 688, keyword Schwall, 1967.
  5. ↑ Jürgen Steen, Kings and nobility in the early medieval settlement, social and agricultural history in the Wetterau. Studies on the relationship between land acquisition and continuity using the example of a peripheral landscape of the Merovingian Empire , Ffm 1979 = Schriften des Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main XIV, pp. 161, 182.
  6. ↑ A. Wyss, deed book of the Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen , 1st vol. 1207-1299, 2nd vol. 1300-1359, ND 1965, here: 1st vol. No. 1345
  7. ↑ Arthur Franz Wilhelm Wyss documents Deutschordens-Ballei , 3rd vol. 1328-1440, no. 1439
  8. ↑ Eugen Rieß; Willy Roth, Berstadt. Times and People , Vol. 1, Rockenberg, therein: From monastery property to independent place: Grundschwalheim , pp. 208-218.
  9. ↑ Wyss, 2, No. 447.
  10. ↑ Wyss 2, No. 447
  11. ↑ H. Thieme, Zum Hessischen Landsiedelrecht , in: Festschrift Alfred Schultze , 1934, pp. 207–250; Pp. 224, 227-231
  12. ↑ Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann, p. 118, note 15
  13. ↑ Wyss, Urkundenbuch der Deutschordenballei Hessen, vol. 2, no. 582, pp. 423–425, printed by Lennep, G, Abhandlung von der Leyhe zu Landsiedel-Recht, 1769, Cod. Prob. 44 no. 12, cf. fundamentally Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann : The Teutonic Order House in Marburg. Marburg 1989, ISBN 3-7708-0907-6 ; Thomas Schilp, Friedberger Urkundenbuch (FUB) 2, No. 242
  14. ↑ Wyss 2, No. 582, 1333 April 23, cf. Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann 1989, p. 99 f
  15. ↑ Wyss 2, No. 582, cf. Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann 1989, p. 107 f
  16. ↑ Wyss 3, No. 1087, 1368 June 15, cf. Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann 1989, p. 119
  17. ↑ Wyss 3, No. 1205
  18. ↑ Wyss 2, p. 178
  19. ↑ Wyss 3, No. 1125
  20. ↑ cf. Braasch-Schwersmann 1989, p. 103
  21. ↑ cit. according to Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann 1989, p. 110
  22. ↑ Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann 1989, p. 113
  23. ↑ cf. on this and in the following Eugen Rieß, Willy Roth, Berstadt, vol. 1, p. 213 f
  24. ↑ Eugen Riess, Willy Roth, Berstadt. Vol. 1, p. 216.
  25. ^ Rudolf Kießling, Grund-Schwalheim . In: 1200 Years Echzell , p. 355
  26. ↑ Wyss 2, No. 582, 1333, from J. Hotz, plans for buildings of the Teutonic Order in Hesse. Finds from the Graf von Schönborn archives in Wiesentheid , in: 800 years of the German Order in individual representations. Festschrift Marian Tumler = QuStud 20, 1978, p. 465–484, p. 483 f, drawings of the farmyard and its buildings are shown.
  27. ↑ Repertories of Hess. State Archives Darmstadt, Department of Documents Upper Hesse A 3, Provenienzübericht, Vol. 2, Provenienzen Hanau - Mauchenheim , (arrangement) Albrecht Eckhardt, Darmstadt / Marburg 1971, p. 414.
  28. ↑ Eugen Rieß, Willy Roth, Berstadt, Vol. 1, p. 214
  29. ↑ cf. Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann 1989, p. 253
  30. ↑ Hofmann, Fuldische Mark , pp. 409f
  31. ↑ Heimatglocken Södel 3 (1928) issue 11
  32. ↑ Grolman , History of the Wetterauer Gangs in files, p. 336.
  33. ↑ Eugen Riess, Willy Roth, Berstadt . Vol. 1; P. 217.
  34. ^ Incorporation of the Grund-Schwalheim community into the Echzell community, Büdingen district on January 7, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 143 , point 188 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
  35. ↑ Christian Aledter, Chronicle Berstadt , p 84
  36. ^ Paul Mimberg, 150 years of Post Echzell , part I. In: Echzeller Geschichtshefte 9 (1995), p. 70 f.

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