Kreuzberg Monastery

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Kreuzberg Monastery
The monastery church Elevation of the Cross Overall view with pilgrims' accommodations (2013)
The monastery church Elevation of the Cross Overall view with pilgrims' accommodations (2013)
location Kreuzberg Monastery, Kreuzberg 2, 97653 Bischofsheim / Rhön
Lies in the diocese Diocese of Würzburg
Coordinates: 50 ° 22 '14.5 "  N , 9 ° 58' 31.4"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 22 '14.5 "  N , 9 ° 58' 31.4"  E
Patronage Exaltation of the Cross
founding year In 1692 the construction of the monastery buildings began. by The Franciscans looked after the pilgrimage from Dettelbach in the summer from 1590 to 1692 .
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		The monastery was not dissolved in 1803 in the course of secularization in Bavaria. Only pilgrimages were banned.

The Kreuzberg monastery is a Franciscan monastery in the Klosterkreuzberg district of the town of Bischofsheim in the Rhön in Lower Franconia in the diocese of Würzburg .

It is located on the western slope of the Kreuzberg in the Rhön at 864 m. Every year there are around 70 to 80 pilgrimages from all over Franconia to the Kreuzberg, the "Holy Mountain of Franconia", and to its monastery. There is a monastery restaurant with overnight accommodation for up to 250 people. A total of around 500,000 to 600,000 visitors are counted each year.

history

It is possible that there was a pagan cult site on the Kreuzberg in pre-Christian times. The Celtic and Germanic settlement in the Rhön and the former name Asenberg (after the Germanic gods of the Asen ) suggest cultic and religious activities on the mountain. In addition, a holy ash is said to have been on the mountain (see: Yggdrasil and tree cult ), which the name Aschberg , used from the 12th to the middle of the 17th century, reminded of. The name Kreuzberg came into being after the establishment of the Golgotha ​​group in 1582. Since the missionary work of the Franks by the Iro Scots St. Kilian and his companions Kolonat and Totnan in 686 and its tradition as a place of pilgrimage , Kreuzberg has been known as the “Holy Mountain of the Franks ".

Since the early Middle Ages, Kreuzberg has belonged to the Duchy of Würzburg . In front of the first chapel, which was built in 1598, there was a first pilgrim's cross around 1400, which was destroyed in the Peasants' War. Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn had three crucifixes erected in 1582. The successor crosses of 1710 are the goal of the current Kreuzberg pilgrimages .

The monastery consecrated to the Exaltation of the Cross was founded by the Bavarian Observant Province of the Franciscans from Dettelbach ; It was built 1681–1692 under Prince Bishop Peter Philipp von Dernbach , and in 1684 it was elevated to a convent . In 1706 Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollrads had the princely building built, in 1710 the Chapel Cross with Golgotha ​​group and in 1731 the old brewery. Since then, beer has been brewed on the Kreuzberg.

Arrival of a group of pilgrims (2012)

In 1803 the monastery was not abolished by secularization like almost all others in Bavaria ; only pilgrimages were banned, a regulation that Ludwig I repealed after the Congress of Vienna when Würzburg fell to Bavaria . The continued existence of the monastery, originally destined to die out, was secured by a decree of September 30, 1826.

The historic brewery was renovated in 1954. Beer has been brewed with fully automated new systems since 1990/91.

The contemporary variant of the pilgrimage to the holy crosses is today - in addition to around 70 real groups of foot pilgrims on church festivals and in early autumn - in tourism.

The monastery is now part of the German Franciscan Province of Germania, which was created in 2010 through the merger of the four German provinces . There are three brothers in the household: two priests and a lay brother . Their main task is the pilgrimage pastoral care and the celebration of the services in the monastery church. The Guardian has been Father Georg Andlinger since 2019. At the provincial chapter of the German Franciscan Province from March 18 to 21, 2019, the monastery on the Kreuzberg was not one of the monasteries that should be closed shortly due to the lack of offspring, but it also received no guarantee of existence, but belongs to the branches over the continuation is to be decided depending on the situation.

Monastery church

History and description

Monastery church
High altar (1692) in the choir; Ceiling painting by Ludwig Hepp , Aschaffenburg: Stigmatization of St. Francis, 1910

The church is a typical Franciscan complex in the tradition of the mendicant , without a tower, only skylights . The three-part alliance coat of arms of the Würzburg prince-bishops Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg , Peter Philipp von Dernbach and Konrad Wilhelm von Wernau , the builders of the church, is attached above the baroque portal with the blown gable .

The interior is a simple hall building with four bays, separated by Tuscan pilasters on which groined vaults rest. The furnishings are essentially Baroque and Rococo.

The high altar from 1692 is about the crucifixion of Christ, two side altars are designed as counterparts.

Another altar in a side chapel is dedicated to Anthony of Padua and depicts scenes from his life.

The pulpit contains wooden sculptures of important Franciscan saints , including Saint Francis , Anthony of Padua , Bonaventure da Bagnoregio , Louis of Toulouse , Peter of Alcantara , Bernard of Siena and John of Capistrano .

Bells

The monastery church on the Kreuzberg has been home to a three-part bell ringing again since 1956, after no historical bells had been in the monastery since the Second World War.

Inscription on the cross bell
number volume Caster Casting year diameter inscription
1 c2 Otto, Bremen 1956 770 mm AVE CRUX SPES UNICA
2 es2 Otto, Bremen 1956 643 mm NOS CUM PROLE BENEDICAT VIRGO MARIA
3 f2 Otto, Bremen 1956 565 mm SANCTE ANTONI PLEBS TUAM LAETABITUR IN TE + SUB TUO PRAESIDIO

organ

organ

The organ of the monastery church was built in 2005 by the organ building company Hey in Urspringen , a district of Ostheim before the Rhön . The instrument has 29 registers (one release) on two manuals and a pedal . The Spieltrakturen are mechanically, the Registertrakturen electrically.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Dumped 8th'
4th Salicional 8th'
5. Octav 4 ′
6th flute 4 ′
7th Octav 2 ′
8th. Fifth (from No. 9) 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
11. Principal 8th'
12. Bourdon 8th'
13. Tibia 8th'
14th Viola di gamba 8th'
15th Vox Coelestis 8th'
16. Principal 4 ′
17th Transverse flute 4 ′
18th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
19th Flageolet 2 ′
20th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
21st Mixture IV
22nd horn 8th'
23. Hautbois 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
24. Violon bass 16 ′
25th Sub bass 16 ′
26th Octavbass 8th'
27. Bourdon 8th'
28. Octavbass 4 ′
29 trombone 16 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
    • Super octave coupling: II / I, II / II, II / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: II / I, II / II
  • Playing aids : 128-fold setting system

Monastery building

Beer mat of the monastery brewery

This includes the residential wing for the Franciscans with pilgrims' hostel, the brewery, the restaurant with the Fürstensaal and the Brother Franz House (tourist information, permanent exhibition on Francis of Assisi, film hall).

brewery

The brewery has existed since 1731 and has an annual output of around 8500 hectoliters. The varieties Dunkel, Pils, Hefeweizen and Weihnachts-Bock are brewed.

Way of the Cross

Golgotha group

The way to the Golgotha ​​group - the depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus as the 12th station of the cross - leads either over a stone staircase or over the chapel cross with 14 stations. It was built in 1710 and is one of the oldest of its kind in Germany. The sandstone figures come from the 18th century. In 1870, when they weathered, they were temporarily replaced by cast iron panels. In 1947 the original sandstone reliefs were restored and reinstalled. The cast reliefs are now attached to the retaining wall of the church.

literature

See also: Kreuzberg (Rhön) #Literature

  • Reinhold Albert : One of the oldest crossroads in Germany is on the Kreuzberg. In: Heimat-Jahrbuch of the Rhön-Grabfeld district. Volume 30. Mellrichstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-9811225-2-7 , pp. 26-29.
  • Reinhold Albert: Soli Deo Gloria. Kreuzberg, pilgrimage and monastery. Kreuzberg Monastery, Bischofsheim an der Rhön 2005, ISBN 3-00-015719-0 .
  • Wolfgang Brückner : The pilgrimage to the Kreuzberg in the Rhön. (= Church, Art and Culture in Franconia. Volume 7). Echter Verlag, Würzburg 1997, ISBN 3-429-01939-7 .
  • Georg Dehio , Tilmann Breuer: Handbook of German art monuments . Bavaria I: Franconia - The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia. 2nd, revised and supplemented edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03051-4 , pp. 527-528.
  • Martin Gabler: History and description of the Kreuzberg monastery in the Rhön. Kreuzberg Monastery, Bischofsheim vor der Rhön 1934, DNB 573196532 .
  • André Liebe, Monika Uhl: Bavaria's monasteries and their breweries. Fachverlag Hans Carl GmbH, Nuremberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-418-00133-3 , pp. 94-109.
  • Ursula Pechloff (Ed.): Kreuzberg Monastery, Rhön. (= Peda art guide. No. 110). Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 2002, ISBN 3-930102-12-9 .
  • Wolf-Dieter Raftopoulo: Rhön and Grabfeld culture guides. A complete documentation of the old cultural landscapes in terms of art and cultural history. RMd Verlag, Gerbrunn 2017, ISBN 978-3-9818603-7-5 , pp. 66-68.
  • Rhönklub (Ed.): Schneiders Rhönführer. (= Official leader of the Rhön Club). Verlag Parzeller, Fulda 2005, ISBN 3-7900-0365-4 , p. 266.
  • Regina Rinke: The Kreuzberg in the Rhön - "Lived Faith". Printing house R. Mack GmbH, Mellrichstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-942112-32-1 .
  • Anton Schumm: History of the town of Bischofsheim, its compatriots and all friends of the Rhön. Goldstein, Würzburg 1875, pp. 105–109 ( digitized version in the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Erwin Sturm: Kreuzberg Monastery / Rhön. (= Small art guide. No. 1243). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1983, DNB 967202841 .

Web links

Commons : Kloster Kreuzberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kreuzberg in the Rhön - place of pilgrimage and monastery inn. In: Franziskaner.net. Retrieved February 9, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Kreuzberg Monastery. In: Rhoentourist.de. Retrieved February 9, 2019 .
  3. ^ History of the Rhön. In: Rhoenentdecker.de. Retrieved March 25, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Kreuzberg (mountain). In: Rhoen.info (Rhönlexikon). Retrieved March 25, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Kreuzberg / Rhön. In: Biosphaerenreservat-Rhoen.de. Retrieved March 26, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Kreuzberg (mountain). In: Rhoen.info (Rhönlexikon). Retrieved March 25, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Kreuzberg . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 9 . Altenburg 1860, p. 801 ( zeno.org ).
  8. ↑ The Kreuzberg - the holy mountain of the Franks. In: Bischofsheim.info. Retrieved March 25, 2017 .
  9. ^ Change at Kreuzberg: Father Georg Andlinger is the new Guardian. In: PGamKreuzberg-Bischofsheim.de. October 1, 2019, accessed June 1, 2020 .
  10. ↑ franziskaner.net: Kreuzberg in the Rhön
  11. ↑ franziskaner.net: Provincial Chapter 2019, March 22, 2019.
  12. ↑ Hey Orgelbau Opusliste (New Organ Buildings, No. 275). In: Hey-Orgelbau.de. Retrieved February 9, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Monastery breweries - barley juice with God's blessing. In: Focus.de. May 28, 2016, accessed February 9, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Kreuzberg monastery brewery products. In: Kreuzbergbier.de. Retrieved February 9, 2019 .