Reichsabbey Rot an der Rot
.svg){kind=small} Territory in the Holy Roman Empire |
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| Reichsabbey Rot an der Rot | |
| coat of arms | |
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| Alternative names | Reichsstift , pen |
| Form of rule | Corporate state |
| Ruler / government | Reich Abbot |
| Today's region / s | DE-BW |
| Parliament | In the Imperial Council , represented by the Swabian kingdom prelate College |
| Reich register | 1 steed 10 foot soldiers |
| Reichskreis | Swabian Empire |
| Capitals / residences | Red on the red |
| Denomination / Religions | Roman Catholic |
| Language / n |
German , Latin
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| currency |
gulden
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The Reichsabbey Rot an der Rot (formerly Roth , Münchroth or Mönchroth ) in Rot an der Rot in the Biberach district was one of the first Premonstratensian monasteries in Upper Swabia . The spiritual territory bordered in the west on the imperial abbey of Ochsenhausen , in the north on the Cistercian monastery Gutenzell , in the east "over the Iller" on the imperial charterhouse Buxheim and the free imperial city of Memmingen and in the south on the secular territory of Waldburg-Zeil -Wurzach.
Foundation and first centuries
The monastery was probably founded as a double monastery in 1126 by Hemma von Wildenberg . It was the mother monastery of many Premonstratensian monasteries such as Wilten , Schussenried and Steingaden . The women's convent located in the immediate vicinity was dissolved around 1380. No remains of it have survived; the cemetery church stands on the site. In the 15th century, Rot rose to become an imperial abbey and was represented in the Swabian Imperial Prelate College since the 16th century . Since 1585 the abbot was inful . The monastery's umbrella bailiffs were the Lower Bailiwick of Swabia and Waldburg-Zeil .
In the Reichsmatrikeln of Worms in 1521, the monastery with the position of ten soldiers and a horseman was performed. In addition, 60 guilders were paid annually to the Reich Regiment and the Supreme Court. The Turkish aid to the empire amounted to 530 florins in 1568 and 1,407 florins in 1599.
Destruction and rebuilding
After parts of the monastery were destroyed in the Thirty Years' War and the entire monastery complex was destroyed by arson on May 6, 1681, the largely still existing baroque monastery was rebuilt from 1681 to 1698.
The monastery complex is dominated by the early classicistic monastery church of St. Verena , which was rebuilt and equipped from 1777–1786 because the abbot Mauritius Moritz had the demolition begin against the will of the convent. From 1777–1779, the eastern section was built by master builder Johann Baptist Laub, but the actual new building was only built under Abbot Willebold Held (1782–1789). After the foundation stone was laid in 1783, the canons carried out some of the work themselves. The furnishings come from the painters Andreas Meinrad von Ow and Januarius Zick , the stucco work was done by Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer . The organ comes from Johann Nepomuk Holzhey . Adjacent to the church is the baroque monastery complex, the numerous turrets of which have earned it the nickname Oberschwäbischer Kremlin . At the foot of the monastery hill is the square-shaped economy, which today houses the town hall.
The 45th abbot of the imperial abbey was Nikolaus Betscher from 1789 to 1803 , whose church music compositions are reminiscent of his contemporaries Haydn and Mozart . After they had been forgotten for a long time, they will be performed again, not least through the initiative of the Kulturforum Rot an der Rot .
Secularization to this day
In 1803 the monastery was secularized in accordance with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . For a short time a patrimonial superior bailiff was formed on the Rot. The canons had to leave the complex, the monastery was declared an extinction monastery and was no longer allowed to accept novices. The property, 13 villages and hamlets, was initially taken over by the Counts Kolb von Wartenberg as compensation for their county on the left bank of the Rhine, which had fallen under French rule with the Peace of Lunéville . Wartenberg appeared with his imperial counts officials, who were all Protestant denominations. A provisional Protestant prayer room was set up in the former refectory of the canons . The county already belonged from 1806 to the Kingdom of Württemberg and went in 1818 as a civil rule (until 1846) to the Count of Erbach-Erbach , which has since also Counts of Wartenberg-Roth call.
In 1947, Premonstratensian canons returned to Rot from the Windberg Monastery , and in 1950 a newly founded community of Norbertus sisters was added. In 1959 the canons left Rot due to a lack of pastoral care and settled what is now the Hamborn Abbey in Duisburg. The sister convent in red remained in existence until 2007 and was then moved to Aulendorf. In 1959, the Rottenburg diocese acquired the monastery building and in 1960 set up its St. Norbert youth and education center in it .
Document collection
Larger parts of the written tradition of the monastery are kept in the main state archive in Stuttgart. In 1980 this tradition was supplemented by further documents that had been transferred to the archives of the Counts of Erbach-Erbach and von Wartenberg-Roth in Erbach. With the death of Count Ludwig von Wartenberg-Roth, the last of his tribe, the Counts of Erbach-Erbach had inherited the Counts of Wartenberg (Kolb von Wartenberg) in 1818, who had been awarded the Red Abbey in the 1803 Reichsdeputationshauptschluss. With the purchase agreement of December 1980, Franz Graf zu Erbach-Erbach and von Wartenberg-Roth , the boss of the Erbach-Erbach house, handed over the archives that had been on deposit in the Biberach district office to the Stuttgart main state archive.
Abbots
After the death of St. Provost Burchard von Rot an der Rot from the mother monastery Prémontré (Provost 1126–1140) the monastery had 45 abbots before it was abolished in 1803 under Abbot Nikolaus Betscher . For the abbots from Berchthold to Heinrich von Krauchenwies the reign and order are uncertain. The “from” does not indicate a noble origin, but is mostly an indication of the origin.
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- Ottino, 1140-1181
- Berchthold
- Volmar
- Albert, 1217
- Heinrich, 1222
- Werner
- Reinhard
- Berchthold II von Kellmünz, 1268–1273
- Heinrich II. Von Fellheim, 1273, † around 1307
- Konrad von Au, 1308
- Eglolf von Lautrach, 1346
- Henry III. von Krauchenwies, 1369-1380
- Konrad II. Frauenbiß von Haslach, 1381–1391
- Johann Barner von Saulgau, 1391–1397
- Peter I , 1397-1402
- Lucius, 1402-1403
- Administration by the Abbot of Weißenau, 1403–1405
- Petrus II. Städele, 1405–1407
- Friedrich Biedermann, 1407
- Johann II. Geldrich of Ravensburg, 1407–1413
- Jodokus (previously in Ursberg Abbey), 1413–1414
- Administration by the secular priest Leonhard, son of Johann von Waldburg, 1414–1417
- Heinrich IV. Merk von Munderkingen, 1417–1420
- Martin Hesser von Marchtal, 1420–1457
- Georg Iggenau of Iggenau, 1457–1470
- Johann Moosheim of Memmingen, 1470–1475
- Heinrich Hünlin von Lindau, 1475–1501
- Konrad Ehrmann von Zell, 1501–1520
- Johann Lauginger von Biberach, 1520–1533
- Konrad Ehrmann von Zell, 1533–1543
- Konrad Splice von Baustetten, 1543–1549
- Vitus Weber von Wangen, 1549–1556
- Dominikus Freiberger von Biberach, 1556–1560
- Martin Ehrmann von Zell, 1560–1589
- Martin Schlay von Hittisweiler, 1589–1591
- Balthasar Held von Haisterkirch, 1591–1611
- Joachim Gieteler von Waldsee, 1611–1630
- Ludwig Locher von Haselburg, 1630–1667
- Friedrich Rommel von Überlingen, 1667–1672
- Martin Ertle von Greckenhofen, 1672–1711
- Hermann Vogler von Oberstdorf, 1711–1739
- Ignaz Vetter von Kirchheim, 1739–1755
- Ambros Guggenmoos from Stetten im Allgäu, 1755–1758
- Benedikt Stadelhofer von Feldkirch, 1758–1760
- Mauritius Moritz von Biberach, 1760–1782
- Willebold Held von Erolzheim, 1782–1789
- Nikolaus Betscher von Berkheim, 1789–1803
Other important canons
- Wilhelm Eiselin , Blessed
literature
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- Benedikt Stadelhofer: Historia imperialis et exemti Collegii Rothensis in Suevia . 2 volumes. Augsburg 1787 (digitized: Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 ) - a third volume remained unprinted and is handwritten in the Stuttgart State Archives
- Hermann Tüchle , Adolf Schahl: 850 years of red on the red. History and shape. New contributions to the church and art history of the Premonstratensian Imperial Abbey . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1976, ISBN 3-7995-4012-1
- August Willburger: History of the Premonstratensian Red Monastery , in: Rot an der Rot. Its history and its two churches . Oefele, Ottobeuren, 2nd edition 1979, pp. 2-38
- Georg Geisenhof : Brief history of the former Reichsstift Ochsenhausen in Swabia . Ganser, Ottobeuren 1829
Web links
- Red to red at praemonstratenser.de
- Premonstratensian Abbey Rot an der Rot in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
- St. Norbert Youth and Education Center
Individual evidence
- ^ Gebhard Spahr : Oberschwäbische Barockstrasse II - Wangen to Ulm-Wiblingen , 1978, Weingarten, Beerbaum, Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei p. 145
- ↑ Geisenhof: Brief History , p. 151
- ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart , holdings B 487 - Introduction (accessed on August 1, 2011).
- ↑ Burchhard von Rot an der Rot on heiligenlexikon.de. Retrieved November 29, 2011 .
- ↑ list after Abtliste in August Willburger: history of Premonstratensians' Red , in: Red on the Red His story and his two churches. . Oefele, Ottobeuren, 2nd edition 1979, pp. 33-38
Coordinates: 48 ° 0 '53 " N , 10 ° 1' 49.3" E