Tempzin Monastery

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The Tempzin Monastery is a former monastery in the Tempzin district (municipality of Tempzin Monastery ) near Brüel in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , from which the church as well as some buildings and ruins have been preserved.

Tempzin Monastery Church, photo: 2007

history

The Antoniterkloster Tempzin was founded in the course of the Christianization of Mecklenburg on June 7th, 1222 by Prince Heinrich Borwin I , his wife Adelheid and his first marriage sons Heinrich Borwin II. And Nikolaus II. As a hospital and hospital. The certificate issued above is considered the founding certificate of the Tempziner branch. The property as real estate included the Tunischin farm, the name for tempzin at the time, with the associated fields as far as the Tepenitz watercourse, all rights to this watercourse and a third of the adjacent lake and a salt pan at the place where salt was boiled. What was meant here was the place Sülten between Brüel and Sternberg. The foundation was made in the hands of the Antonius brothers Richard and Wilhelm from the mother monastery in Grünberg in Hesse . Perhaps you already took the deed of foundation with you to Grünberg, where it remained until the end of the Middle Ages. Since the Grünberg document handover began later, the Tempziner Foundation from 1222 would also be the first documentary evidence for the Grünberg Antonites.

In 1277, the Pomeranian Duke Barnim I gave the monastery the town of Schwantust (Swantuss, today: Świętouść) on the island of Wollin ; Prince Heinrich von Mecklenburg transferred the Tempziner See including fishing rights in 1306 and Duke Barnim the Younger of Pomerania left the monks with a farm of four and a half hooves at Demmin Castle in 1340 . In 1387/88 the Tempzin monastery also acquired the village of Blankenberg from the knight Heinrich von Bülow auf Kritzow.

During this time, the preceptory remained completely dependent on the Grünberg mother monastery, which controlled the staff and collected the surplus income. Petrus Barlonis obtained as a preceptor (1390-1417) from Pope John XXIII. on March 3, 1416 the privilege of accepting friars on their own responsibility, thus initiating the separation from Grünberg. In 1391 he founded the subsidiary Mohrkirch in Schleswig, which soon became independent . In 1470 Præstø in Denmark followed and in 1514 a branch in Frombork in Prussia.

Since the end of the 14th century there has also been a significant increase in monastic property. Was acquired u. a. the Werder farm on the west side of the Tempziner See (1390), the village Jülchendorf (1398), the Kiwitteshof (1399), the village Ventschow in the Vogtei Sternberg (1400), farm and village Zahrensdorf (1406/07). Even before 1438, the council of the city of Wismar had allowed the Antonites from Tempzin to settle on Papenstrasse. There are no written sources for the construction of the Antoniterhof in the 15th century, but the economic boom of the Tempziner monastery is evidence of the use of their court until the Reformation. Private owners have been recorded in the Wismar city registers since the 17th century.

With Barloni's death, the influence of the Grünberg mother monastery, which named its successors and temporarily brought Tempzin back into its old dependency, strengthened. After years of nagging and mismanagement, the Tempziner brothers protested against this in 1479.

With the decision of the state parliament at the Sagsdorfer Brücke near Sternberg , the Lutheran faith was introduced throughout Mecklenburg in 1549 . The monastery was secularized by a ducal decree of November 25, 1550 and given to the ducal council Detlevis as a fief. The monastery church was converted into a parish church in 1589.

Preceptors

Names and years denote the documented mention as a preceptor. Preceptors, also Magister, were called the heads of the Antonius monasteries.

  • 1358 - 0000Wilhelmus Lyhartardi.
  • 1380–1386 Dronetus de Bergins (Bergus). As a Frenchman, he was also the preceptor of the Grünberg mother prescription center .
  • 1387–1388 Johannes von Idstein, then Preceptor in Alzey.
  • 1389–1417 Petrus Barlonis, temporarily held the office for the foundation of the Mohrkirchen subsidiary as provost.
  • 1417–1419 Wilhelm Chassipolli.
  • 1419–1430 Heinrich Schlitz / Hinricus Slydze from Hesse, came to the dispute over the preceptory.
  • 1434–1444 Johannes (Tilmann) Marburg, then renounced and went back near Grünberg.
  • 1444–1474 Heinrich Hagenow, previously official of the Schwerin provost.
  • 1474–1478 Gerhard Schütte (Sagittarius) from Hesse, was deposed in 1478.
  • 1478–1481 Gerhard Martini, also General President of Memmingen.
  • 1490–1499 Barthold Ponnyck / Ponnik.
  • 1500–1518 Johann Kran († 1524, tombstone in the town church of Lübz )
  • 1518–1529 Johann Wellendorp.
  • 1529–1552 Gregorius Detlevi, the last preceptor under whom the monastery was secularized and who lived in Rostock in 1571.

Procurators

  • 1358-1359 Wilhelm Lange (Lyhatardi).
  • 1388–1420 Johannes Wale.
  • 1390–1420 Heinrich Grobis.
  • 1434 - 0000Johannes Witte.

Kitchen master

  • 1482–1487 Joachim Koepcke.

Pastors

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor.

  • 1589–1591 Johannes Deling.
  • 1591– 0000Theodor Hansten.
  • 1619–1646 Johann Pencenius from Weißensee in Thuringia, also in Zahrensdorf.
  • 1646–1676 Melchior Haselberger from Amberg in the Palatinate, also Zahrensdorf and Bibow.
  • 1676–1725 Joachim Conrad Passow, also Zahrensdorf.
  • 1725–1767 Christian Müller from Kratzow in Pomerania, also Zahrensdorf.
  • 1770–1817 Heinrich Berner from Cammin, disabled on duty due to blindness.
  • 1818–1821 Heinrich Georg Christoph Studemund from Güstrow.
  • 1822–1873 Jakob Heinrich Friedrich Zarncke from Bützow was a councilor.
  • 1873–1901 Carl Johann Wilhelm Türk from Güstrow, Rector in Sternberg.
  • 1901–1932 Ernst Wolter from Sülten near Stavenhagen, previously in Kladow.
  • 1932–1973 Hans-Jürgen Köpcke from Brüel.
  • 1945–1946 Ernst Letzmann.
  • 1973–1999 Günter Köllen from Nienburg in Anhalt.
  • 2001–2014 Joachim Anders, also head of the pilgrimage center.
  • 2014– 0000Doros Metke.

Building description

Exterior

The construction of today's late Gothic church began at the beginning of the 15th century. It consists of a three-aisled nave in the form of a four- bay stepped hall and a single-nave, elongated, polygonally closed choir. The vaults in the form of star , net and ribbed vaults were built at the beginning of the 16th century, in the north aisle even during a restoration from 1909 to 1912. On the south side of the nave there is a portal with a reveal made of red and green glazed Stones. The west facade with portal is emphasized by a four-storey niche above diagonally protruding pillars in the middle. Above that there is a delicate gable tower, the upper part of which has been renewed. On the south aisle wall there are remains of figural wall painting, which was probably made in the middle of the 15th century.

Interior

One of the furnishings is a wooden pulpit with a polygonal cup base and late Gothic folding work on the basket. A wooden seated figure of St. Anthony probably comes from a Rostock workshop in the 2nd half of the 15th century. A wooden triumphal cross without a body with evangelist symbols painted on the corners may have been made around 1300. Small coats of arms from the end of the 17th century have been preserved in the eastern choir window. Two chalices are preserved from the liturgical furnishings; one with a six-pass foot and richly engraved is dated 1618 and the other was possibly made around 1300 and is adorned with an engraved Pietà from the end of the 15th century. A corresponding paten probably comes from the 1st quarter of the 14th century. The one-manual organ with six registers and attached pedal was built in 1892 by Friedrich Friese III .

The main altar erected in 1411, one of the main works of late medieval panel painting in Mecklenburg, is now part of the collections of the State Museum in Schwerin and is exhibited in the exhibition of medieval art in the castle in Güstrow . In 1998 the renovation of the church began. Today it is one of the churches of the Evangelical Lutheran Parish of Brüel in the Wismar Propstei in the Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany .

The monastery church from the south 2009
The warm house 2007
Ruin of a monastery building in 2009

Monastery buildings

In addition to the church, other buildings from the former monastery complex have been preserved. The warm house , which dates back to Gothic origins and whose construction time is recorded in 1496, was equipped with several chimneys, the largest of which measures 4 by 4 meters. It served pilgrims as a shelter and was an infirmary for those suffering from the Antoniusfeuer (ergot mushroom). The warm house was still used as a barn at the beginning of the 20th century and has now been renovated and set up as a meeting place. The farm building is used as a pilgrimage hostel. To the north of the church there is a medieval barn that has been preserved within its surrounding walls.

Townhouses

South of the Marienkirche in Wismar , on Papenstrasse, house number 2a, was the Antonite court. It has been preserved in its basic structure to this day. The street facade was exposed in 1992. As early as 1438, the council of the city of Wismar had allowed the Antonites to settle here.

literature

  • David Franck: Old and New Mecklenburg. Book 1–19 in 5 volumes, Güstrow, Leipzig 1753–1758. I. Book 4 p. 76, II. Book 6 p. 176, 295, Book 7 p. 108, 123, III. Book 12 p. 168.
  • August Friedrich Rudloff: Pragmatic Handbook of Mecklenburg History. Part 1–3, Schwerin, Wismar, Bützow, III. 1 p. 171, III. 2 p. 120.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Munich, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , pp. 635-636.
  • Johann Georg Wehnert: News from Tempzin, in particular from the local monastery of the mendicant monks of St. Antonius. In: Freimütiges Abendblatt 10, Schwerin 1828, pp. 953-960, 972-980.
  • C. Türck: On the history of Tempzin, namely the former Tempzin monastery. In: Sternberg-Brüel-Wariner Anzeiger. 1885, No. 57, 59, 63, 64, 67, 68, 72-74, 77-80, 82, 84-8789.
  • Joseph Traeger: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin. A contribution to the 700th anniversary of Warin. Leipzig 1984.
  • Andreas Röpke: On the history of the Antonites in Tempzin. In: Antoniter Forum. Volume 5, Munich 1997, pp. 7-8.
  • Adalbert Mischlewski: A decorated certificate of indulgence for the Tempziner Dreikönigskapelle. In: Antoniter Forum. Volume 5, Munich 1997, pp. 9-16.
  • Bettina Gnekow: The Antoniterkirche in Tempzin. In: Antoniter Forum. Volume 5, Munich 1997, pp. 17-27.
  • Kristina Hegner: The Tempziner Altar. In: Antoniter Forum. Volume 5, Munich 1997, pp. 28-36.
  • Beatrice Busjan: The Antoniterhof in Wismar. In: Antoniter Forum. Volume 5, Munich 1997, pp. 37-41.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume 3: The district court districts of Hagenow, Wittenburg, Boizenburg, Lübenheen, Dömitz, Grabow, Ludwigslust, Neustadt, Crivitz, Brüel, Warin, Neubukow, Kröpelin and Doberan. Schwerin 1899, (reprint Schwerin 1993) ISBN 3-910179-14-2 , pp. 397-418.
  • Friedrich Lisch : On the history of the monastery and the church at Tempzin and the branch preceptors Mohrkirchen, Frauenburg and Lennewarden . In: MJB 15, 1850, pp. 150-158
  • Karl Schmaltz: The church buildings in Mecklenburg. Schwerin 1927, p. 113.
  • Karl Schmaltz: Church history of Mecklenburg. Volume 1–3, Schwerin 1935–1952, IS 209 ff, II. P. 75.
  • Albrecht Eckardt: The Grünberger Antoniter. In: Communications of the Upper Silesian Historical Society. Ser. NF 63, 1978, pp. 63-77.
  • Kristina Hegner: Medieval Art, 1: Architectural fragments, sculptures and panel paintings. Pig 1979.
  • Ursula Creutz: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the diocese of Berlin, the episcopal office of Schwerin and adjacent areas. Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-7462-0163-2 , pp. 452-455.
  • Andreas Röpcke: Beginnings, tasks and activities of the Antonites in Tempzin. In: MJB 113, 1998, pp. 157-176.
  • Klaus Winands: Tempzin. In: Monasteries in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Weimar 2005, pp. 19-20.
  • Kristina Hegner: From Mecklenburg's churches and monasteries. The medieval inventory of the State Museum Schwerin. Petersberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7319-0062-7 .
  • Cornelia Neustadt, Frank Nikulka, Dirk Schumann : Tempzin. Preceptory of S. Antonius. (Canonici Regulares Sancti Antonii / Antoniter). In: Wolfgang Huschner , Ernst Münch , Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner : Mecklenburg monastery book. Manual of the monasteries, monasteries, comers and priories. (10th / 11th - 16th centuries) Volume II., Rostock 2016, ISBN 978-3-356-01514-0 , pp. 1106-1157.
  • Jörg Ansorge: Pilgrim sign of the Antoniterpreceptorei Tempzin in Mecklenburg. In: MJB 134, 2019, pp. 283–287.

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Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • LHAS 1.4-3 Villages and Goods. Bibow.
    • LHAS 1.5-4 / 23 Documents from Tempzin Monastery.
    • LHAS 2.12-2 / 5 Conditions and taxes.
    • LHAS 2.12-3 / 2 Monasteries and orders of knights. Antonite monastery Tempzin.
    • LHAS 11.11 regesta. Mecklenburg documents.
    • LHAS 12.3-6 / 2 estate of Adolf Friedrich Lorenz. Folder 19.
  • State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation (LAKD)
    • Local files archive: Ludwigslust-Parchim district, Tempzin, Fpl. 35.
    • Dirk Schumann: Results of the archaeological documentation on the foundations of the north and south walls of the warm house of the Antoniter Preceptorei in Tempzin. Schwerin, 2006.
    • Tilo Schöfbeck: Structural and architectural history report on the roof structure in the warm house. Typescript, Schwerin 2009.
  • Archives of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (AHL)
    • AHL, Certificates Sacra A 3, No. 27.
    • AHL, 07.1-1 / 01 Internals, 497.
    • AHL, Old Senate Archive, German Territories, No. 964.
  • Archive of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (AHW)
    • AHW, Section II. Reposition 1, A, Spiritual documents, X, KK, No. 2.
    • AHW. Dept. VI. Reposition 2, Geistliche Stadtbuch (ab) Schriften, fol. 63.

Web links

Commons : Tempzin Monastery  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 282.
  2. ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 998.
  3. ^ Andreas Röpcke: Beginnings, tasks and activities of the Antonites in Tempzin . In: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher of the Verein für Mecklenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde Ludwigslust (1998) No. 113, p. 163.
  4. ↑ Beatrice Busjan: The Antoniterhof in Wismar. In: Antoniter - Form , Munich 1997, Issue 5, pp. 37–41.
  5. ^ Andreas Röpcke: Beginnings, tasks and activities of the Antonites in Tempzin . In: MJB (1998) No. 113, pp. 157-176.
  6. ^ Cornelia Neustadt: Constitutional Order. 2016, p. 1118.
  7. ↑ MUB XIV (1886) No. 8521.
  8. ↑ MUB XIX (1899) No. 11257, (MUB) XXI (1903) No. 11780.
  9. ↑ http://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002396
  10. ↑ MUB XIII. (1884), No. 8454, 8521.
  11. ↑ MUB XXI. (1903), No. 1203o, 12192, 12193.
  12. ↑ MUB XXI (1903) No. 12220.
  13. ↑ LHAS 1.5-4 / 23 Tempzin Monastery. No. 168, 170.
  14. ^ Gustav Willgeroth : The Mecklenburg-Schwerin Parishes since the Thirty Years' War. Wismar 1925.
  15. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The Antoniter-Präceptorei Tempzin. 1899, pp. 406-407.
  16. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The Antoniter-Präceptorei Tempzin. 1899, p. 406.
  17. ^ Georg Dehio: The districts of Neubrandenburg, Rostock and Schwerin . In: Handbook of German Art Monuments . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1980, p. 469 .
  18. ↑ Membership of the community
  19. ^ Friedrich Techen: History of the seaside city of Wismar. 1929, p. 23.

Coordinates: 53 ° 45 ′ 45 ″  N , 11 ° 41 ′ 8 ″  E