Commandery Krankow

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Groß Krankow was temporarily the seat of a Commander of the Teutonic Order between 1268 and 1355 and its largest possession in Mecklenburg .

Story of the coming

The Teutonic Order had also been present in Mecklenburg since the 1220s. The founding year of the Teutonic Order Commandery in Krankow is unknown. Like the North German Commanderies of Bremen and Lübeck , Krankow, located southwest of Wismar , belonged to the Livonia Ballei and was subordinate to the Livonian master, to whom reports were to be made and instructions to be obtained. Krankow was first mentioned in a document in 1268. The original document of October 27, 1268 was still with the village mayor at Quaal during the Reformation.

The largest possession the Teutonic Order had in Mecklenburg was Krankow. Krankow is geographically favorable on two important trade routes. One led from Wismar to Lübeck and Hamburg. The second road connected Wismar to the hinterland via Schwerin.

At that time the commandery had a commander, an old commander and four priest brothers. Seven villages and six other Hufen belonged to the property. The seat of the commander was in Klein Krankow . At the time of the Ratzeburg tithe register around 1230, the villages Klein Krankow (Wendisch Krankowe), Groß Krankow, Quaal (Quale), Siemersdorf (Cimerstorp), Friedrichshagen (Fredbernshagen), Harmshagen (Hermannshagen), Petersdorf were part of the parish of Gressow (Gressowe). The Krankow Commandery must have existed in its entirety as early as 1268.

Since 1268 the circumstances of the commandery were already documented and arranged, Krankow could have been acquired soon after 1240 and founded as a commandery. It is not yet known what kind of buildings the order erected in Krankow.

On June 28, 1240, the order of the brothers von Dobrin sold the farm and the village of Sellin near Neukloster to the Sonnenkamp monastery from their possessions in Mecklenburg in the presence of Prince Johann I , the theologian, at Mecklenburg Castle . After the dissolution of their order, the knights, including the Mecklenburgers von der Lühe , von Raven and von Bibow , sold the possessions and used the money to purchase the German Order Commandery Krankow, which soon appeared in possession of this order. Perhaps the first commander in Dobrin were knights of the order.

Heinrich von Holstein, who had resigned in 1268, was named as the first commander. According to the Ratzeburg tithe register, a Heinrich von Holstein was mentioned around 1230 in the parish of Kalkhorst with several possessions. Because on October 27, 1268, the Commander of the House of Orders in Krankow, Johannes von Ratzeburg, on the advice of the former Commander Heinrich von Holstein and the other brothers in Krankow, gave the farmers in Quaale half of the wood and the grass in the fish ponds in Petersdorf Drain the water should be turned into farmland. In later times there were more disputes about the fish ponds. A Ernst von Ratzeburg was after 1273 Landmeister of the Teutonic Order in Livonia. After 1346, Komtur Adam von Wismar was several times authorized representative of the Teutonic Order for the payment of purchase money in Lübeck .

Order court

There were also close relationships with the city of Wismar. In 1270, Prince Heinrich I of the Pilgrims from Mecklenburg placed the church of St. Jürgen under the patronage of the Teutonic Order in Riga .

Shortly before his death on January 21, 1329, Prince Heinrich II the Lion granted the Knights of the Teutonic Order part of his court in Wismar to establish a settlement. At the urging of the city council, this property transfer had to be withdrawn. It was not until May 30, 1330 that the city council of Wismar allowed the Teutonic Order and especially the Commander Wynand von Krankow to acquire a farm in the city of Wismar under Luebian law, like the other farms of the Doberan , Cismar and Sonnenkamp monasteries near Neukloster. The Teutonic Order was allowed to build a chapel in the house, a cemetery was forbidden. In addition to the mandatory conditions, the order had to declare that it would ride for the council and help defend the city during sieges. There should never be more than one commander and four friars on the farm. When acquiring the farm in Wismar in 1330, the agreement can be found in the documents. Compliance with the contract had to be confirmed by Landmeister Eberhard von Monheim in Livonia, to whose ballei the commandery belonged. The Ordenshof was located south of the Marienkirche in the garden of the Princely Court , opposite the former ducal residence.

Since the establishment of the court at today's Papenstrasse 2 in the old town of Wismar, the Komtur von Krankow has also been called von Wismar. Presumably the commander had moved his headquarters to Wismar. But the court at Wismar still belonged to the Krankow Commandery and both were subordinate to Landmeister Goswin von Hereke in Livonia. On January 29, 1356, Commander Hermann von Vechelde and Pastor Jacob von Stove sold the order's court for 420 marks to the city of Wismar. Goswin von Herike's consent as Landmeister of the Teutonic Order took place on May 22, 1356 in Wenden .

The council of the city of Wismar transferred the property to the Antonites of the Tempzin monastery before 1438 . The Antonites also had to submit to Lübisch law, the city law, and pay two marks Lübisch annually to the city council. There are no written sources on the building of the Antoniterhof or on the work of the Antonites in Wismar. The Tempziner Antonites used their court in Wismar until the Reformation, when it passed into ducal ownership. The Swedish Queen Christina gave the court to the tribunal protonotary Friedrich Pascow in 1651. Private owners have been recorded in the city registers since the 17th century. In 1830 the Wismar merchant Thormann acquired the so-called Antoniterhof.

What has been preserved is a two-storey eaves house in Papenstrasse that contains remains of medieval findings. During restoration investigations in 1992, two green-black glazed relief bricks with standing sculptural figures, a bishop and Mary with the child, were uncovered in niches that were subsequently walled up.

sale

The situation had changed in the course of time, the Teutonic Order had secured land ownership in the Baltic States and therefore sold its goods and possessions in Mecklenburg from 1355. On October 21, 1355, Duke Albrecht von Mecklenburg in Wismar confirmed the ownership of the Comthurei Krankow, bought by the Teutonic Order, to the knight Maquard von Stove with the same rights as the order had owned the goods. On February 2, 1356 the duke assured the knight Marquard von Stove that the same rights would continue after the purchase of the Krankow commandery. The Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Winrich von Kniprode, confirmed on August 23, 1356 in Marienburg the sale of the Krankow Commandery for 1000 silver marks to Marquard von Stove.

In 1356 the Teutonic Order's relations with Mecklenburg ceased for a long time.

The knight Droste von Stove then sold the goods of the former German Order Commandery Krankow to the brothers Ritter Henning and Knappe Hans von Stralendorff on July 25, 1381 in Wismar with the patronage of the goods donated by the Knights von Stove and with lifts from the village of Quale dedicated Vicarie in the St. Georgen Church in Wismar. In 1632 the von Stralendorff were hereditary lords on Groß- and Klein Krankow and in the Kirchdorf Friedrichshagen. The von Stralendorff were in the 17th century a. a. in Swedish service. Around 1658 the lands went to the von Negendanck . After that, the von Schulenburg owners must be proven.

Commander

The name and year indicate the verifiable mention of the commander. The Commander was the head and administrator of the settlement. In addition, only a few named priest brothers (fratres sacerdotes) can be identified for Krankow.

  • before 1268 Heinrich von Holstein (Holste)
  • 1268 Johann von Ratzeburg
  • 1268 priests brothers Adolph, Johann, Albert, Hermann
  • 1329-1330 Wynand (Winand) von Krankow
  • 1346-1349 Adam of Wismar
  • 1355–1356 Hermann von Vechelde
  • 1355–1356 Jacob von Stove, pastor of St. Georg in Wismar, half-brother of the order

sacerdos

  • 1329 Bernadus dictus Clot

fratres sacerdotes

  • 1268 Adolf, Albert, Hermann, Johannes

Number of members

Exact information on how many friars lived in Krankow and in the Wismar city courtyard is not available. In addition to the incumbent and the former commander, four priestly brothers are recorded for 1268. When the farm in Wismar was acquired in 1330, it was agreed that only four brothers and a commander wanted to live in Krankow. As a rule, the settlement had to include twelve brothers, this was hardly achieved in most of the followers.

seal

The very heavily worn seal of Commander Winand is on a document dated August 27, 1329. In the round portrait seal made of reddish colored wax there is a half-figure.

In the approximately 3 cm large red seal of Commander Hermann von Vechelde, which hangs on the document dated January 29, 1356, a bareheaded half-figure in a cloak turned to the right can be seen. The inscription reads: S (IGILLV M) CONMEDATORIS D (OMVS) CRANKOWE.

literature

  • Friedrich Lisch : The German order court in Wismar. In: JB. 14, 1849, pp. 24-30.
  • Friedrich Crull : On the history of the German Order Comthurei and the Patriciates of Wismar. In. MJB. 15, 1850, pp. 171-173.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , pp. 4-8. (Reprint of the first edition Bärensprung, Schwerin in 1898)
  • Karl Schmaltz : Church history of Mecklenburg. Volume I, Schwerin 1935, p. 211.
  • Ursula Creutz: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the diocese of Berlin, the episcopal office of Schwerin and adjacent areas. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1998, pp. 398-399.
  • Martin Ebert: Groß Krankow. In: monasteries. Hinstorff, Rostock 2009, ISBN 978-3-356-01333-7 , p. 60.
  • Peter Neumeister, Jens Christian Holst, Cornelia Neustadt: Krankow / Wismar Kommende S. Georg. In: Wolfgang Huschner , Ernst Münch , Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner : Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch, manual of the monasteries, monasteries, commendants and priories (10th / 11th - 16th centuries). Volume I, Rostock 2016, ISBN 978-3-356-01514-0 , pp. 421-428.

swell

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin
    • LHAS 9.1-1 Reich Chamber Court . Trial files, Gut Groß Krankow 1627.
  • State Church Archive Schwerin
    • OKR, Specialia Abt. 2, Groß Krankow, Gressow. No. 230 Dilapidated chapel in Groß Krankow 1769–1771. No. 247 Kirchhof Groß Krankow
    • Parish archive Gressow, No. 275 Storage of the chapel bell in Groß Krankow at Tressow Castle 1925.
  • Archive of the Hanseatic City of Wismar
    • Dept. II. Rep. 1 A, spiritual documents XLIII, 4, 5.
    • City books, Dept. VI, Rep. 1 A, B.
    • Trial files of the tribunal, Gut Groß Krankow 1627.
  • Archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
    • UBStL, 07.1-3 / 22, Ordo Theutonicus, No. 14.

Printed sources

Web links

  • Literature on the Groß Krankow Commandery in the MV State Library

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ursula Creutz: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the diocese of Berlin, the episcopal office of Schwerin and adjacent areas. 1988, p. 398.
  2. ↑ MJB. 14 (1849) documents on the history of the religious knightly orders of Livonia and Prussia. No. III, p. 197.
  3. ↑ MJB. 14 (1869) Document Collection No. II, p. 196.
  4. ↑ MJB. 14 (1849) collection of documents. No. III, p. 197.
  5. ^ Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg. I. 1741, p. 1100.
  6. ↑ MJB. 14 (1849) collection of documents. No. VI, p. 202.
  7. ↑ MUB VIII. (1873) No. 5135, 5136.
  8. ^ Rita Gralow: Monasteries and monastery courtyards in Wismar. In: Stralsund contributions. Volume IV. Monasteries and monastic culture in Hanseatic cities. 2003, pp. 69-80.
  9. ↑ MJB. 14 (1849) collection of documents. No. XII, p. 212.
  10. ↑ Wismar City Archives, RA, VII., 1.2.
  11. ↑ Beatrice Busjan: The Antoniterhof in Wimar. In: Antoniter Forum. Issue 5, Munich 1997, pp. 37-41.
  12. ↑ Hanseatic City of Wismar, Department of Monument Preservation. Christina Bens: Color studies Antoniterhof Wismar. 1992.
  13. ↑ MJB. 14 (1849) Document Collection No. XI, p. 211.
  14. ↑ MUB XIV. (1886) No. 8254.
  15. ↑ MJB. 14 (1849) collection of documents. No. XIII, p. 214.
  16. ↑ MJB. 14 (1869) collection of documents. No. XVIII, p. 221.
  17. ^ Carl Heinrich Bill: Mecklenburgische Arelkunde. Volume 7, 1997, pp. 132-133, 162-163.
  18. ↑ MJB. 14 (1849) The German Ordenshof zu Wismar. P. 30.
  19. ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 1150.
  20. ↑ MUB VIII. (1872) No. 5135.
  21. ↑ AHL 07.1-3 / 22 Ordo Theutonicus 14.
  22. ↑ MUB XIII. (1884) No. 8139.
  23. ↑ AHL 07.1-3 / 22 Ordo Theutonicus 14.
  24. ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 1150.
  25. ↑ AHL 07.1-3 / 22, Ordo Theutonicus 14.
  26. ↑ AHW, Section II, Rep. 1 A (Spiritual Documents), XLIII. 4, 5.